Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *||ʔàń

Meaning : to ripen

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *||ʔan

West Khoe : *||ʔàń[i]

East Khoe : *||ʔàń

References : Vossen 477.

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *||ʔan

Meaning : to ripen

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : ||an

!Ora : ||ʔan-||ʔan-neb "das Kochen"; ||annsa "ripe" (Wu.)

References : Haacke 74; Meinhof 114; Rust 21; Wuras 44.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *||ʔàń[i]

Meaning : to ripen

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : ||ʔàń

Buga : ||ʔã́ĩ́

|Ganda : ||ʔã́ĩ́

Naro : ||ʔã́ĩ́ (V.)

|Gwi : ||ʔàǹ; !an (Ta.)

//Gana : ||ʔáń; !an (Ta.)

#Haba : ||ʔáń

References : Tanaka 79; Vossen 477.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *||ʔàń

Meaning : to ripen

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : ||ʔáń

Deti : ||ʔàń

Cara : ||ʔáń

Danisi : ||ʔáń

Kua : ʔàń

Tsua : ʔáǹ

Hietshware : an "to ripen"; ana "to be ripe"

Notes : Irregular loss of click in the Tsua group.

References : Dornan 89; Vossen 477.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *||ʔin[V]

Meaning : to ripen, ferment

Proto-Bushman : *||qʔan-

Proto-Khoe : *||ʔàń

Sandawe : *||ʔine

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 946

Proto-Bushman : *ǀǀqʔan-

Meaning : unripe, raw

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *cʼana

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀǀqʔàn

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀǀa̰n

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *cʼana

Tonal pattern: HH

Meaning: to be green, be unripe, be raw

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : cʼáná // cʼáná-sí (n5 -si) "rawness, unripeness, greenness"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): cʼana

ǀǀAuǀǀen : cana-se

References : Bleek 212; Dickens 278; Snyman 38.

RefLex number: 1650

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *||qʔàn

Meaning : sensation of tenderness or softness when chewing something not fully cooked through

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ||qʔàn (kâ)

References : Traill 119.

South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

Proto-!Wi : *||a̰n

Meaning : new, fresh, raw

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : ||kāṅ, ||khāṅ (B.); ||kā̯ṅ, pl. ||ka̰||ka̰n^rn^ra (Ll.)

References : Bleek 556, 565, 573.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *||ʔine

Meaning : strong, fermented, completed (to be)

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : ||'ine (D.); ||ʔine (K.); ||'iné (Kim.)

References : Dempwolff 40; Kagaya 78; Kimmenade 67.

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