Central Khoisan etymology : List with all references

Proto-Khoe : *[kx]ã

Meaning : younger brother or sister

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *[kx]ã

Notes : Isolated Nama form with possible external correspondences.

Proto-Khoekhoe : *[kx]ã

Meaning : younger (brother/sister)

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : â-b "younger brother", â-s "younger sister"

References : Haacke 5.

Proto-Khoisan : *kxã

Meaning : younger brother/sister

Proto-Bushman : *kxṼ (?)

Proto-Khoe : *[kx]ã

Notes : The connection is possible given what we know about Khoe initial velar affricates corresponding to North Khoisan palatalized affricates.

Number : 862

Proto-Bushman : *kxṼ (?)

Meaning : younger brother

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *sʰĩ

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Notes : If the NK root is treated the same way as *čhĩ̀ < *k̑^χV "to drink", etc., the word has an excellent parallel in Nama â- id.

Proto-Ju: *sʰĩ

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ LL [k] ~ LL [e]

Meaning: younger brother/sister

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : sĩ́ ~ cʰĩ́ // cí-zĩ̀ (n1 - sĩ) "younger sister"; cʰĩ́ã́-kʰòè kò... "be in a sibling relationship with"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : cĩ ~ čĩ "brother" // ci-si "sister"

!Kung (Lloyd) : sĭn ~ sːiŋ ~ siŋ ~ tà=sːiŋ ~ cá=si ~ cá=sːi ~ cãu

!Kung (Vedder): càː=sn // pl. càː=snsn

!Kung (Wilhelm): sĭn ~ sːiŋ ~ siŋ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : cŋ ~ tahŋ ~ tasiŋ // ci-na "grandson" [?]

Kavango : cʰàŋ (E) ~ ṣːàŋ ~ ṣʰàŋ (W) ~ táhàŋ

Ekoka : tā-hŋ̀ "younger sister" // pl. tā-hŋ́

Tsumkwe : cʰĩ́

Tsintsabis : tàsĩ́ ~ cʰĩ́

Okongo : tàhãŋ ~ šĩ̀ŋ

Leeunes : tàsĩ̀ ~ cʰĩ̀

Mpunguvlei : tášĩ̀ ~ sĩ̀ŋ ~ čʰè

Cuito : tásĩ̀ ~ cʰĩ̀ŋ ~ cʰè

Cuando : táhĩ̀ŋ ~ tãsĩ̀ ~ čʰã̀ŋ ~ cʰè

South Omatako : sàŋ dímà

North Omatako : sàŋ dímà

Kameeldoring : sĩ̀ŋ ma !à

Lister : cĩ́zĩ̀

Various addenda: Honken (!Kung) tá-hàŋ.

Notes : Often used with the (pronominal?) prefix ta- in dialects, thus obscuring the original quality of the affricate.

References : Bleek 170, 188, 193, 212, 216, 218, 229; Dickens 263, 275, 276; Heikkinen 1986; Honken 1998:175; KH 62; Snyman 1997: 67.

RefLex number: 1404

Central Khoisan etymology :

Khoekhoe etymology :

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

North Khoisan etymology :