Central Khoisan etymology : List with all references

Proto-West Khoe : *|áú

Meaning : big

//Ani : |áú

Kxoe (Hukwe) : |éú

Naro : |au "manner, custom, way" (?)

Notes : Judging by the semantics, the ||Ani-Kxoe forms may be related to Nama |au "manner; amount" genetically, but the Naro form is more probably a re-borrowing. Cf. also Naro |àù "add, increase".

References : KH; Visser 5; Vossen 1986: 340.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *|aU

Meaning : big; to increase

Proto-Bushman : *|ao^h

Proto-Khoe : *|au

Notes : Dubious, since the Bushman forms may be later cultural borrowings from Khoe.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 278

Proto-Bushman : *ǀao^h

Meaning : to increase

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǀao^h

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀào^h

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *ba

Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e] ~ VAR [Sn]

Meaning: father

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : bá (n1 -si) // báː-kʰòè kò... "be in a father-child relationship with each other"; bá-cú (n1 -sĩ), bá-ɡǂòàɡǂòàhà (n1 -si) "stepfather"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ba

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ba

!Kung (Lloyd) : bba ~ ba // pl. ba-ssiɲ

!Kung (Doke): bāː

!Kung (Vedder): baː

!Kung (Wilhelm): baː // (?) beaː-!aː "grandfather"

!Kung (Weich): ba

!O!Kung (Bleek) : bà ~ pa // pl. be

!O!Kung (Snyman): pá

Kavango : bā

Ekoka : bā (n1) // bā šŋ̀ "father's younger brother"

Tsumkwe : bá

Tsintsabis : bá

Okongo : bá

Leeunes : bá

Mpunguvlei : bá

Cuito : bà

Cuando : bá ~ pá

South Omatako : bà

Kameeldoring : bà

Lister : bá

Notes : Cf. also [NIIc] aubā 'man, old man, father'.

References : Bleek 12, 13, 156; Dickens 189; KH 15; Snyman 69; Snyman 1980: 13; Snyman 1997: 37; Weich 3.

RefLex number: 19

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