East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *|ʔũ̂

Meaning : hair

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : |ʔũ̂

Deti : |ʔũ̂

Cara : |ʔṹ

Tsixa : |ʔũ̀

Danisi : |ʔũ̂

Cua : |ʔũ̂

Kua : |ʔũ̂

Tsua : |ʔũ̂

Hietshware : |hoo; |go "feather"

Sehura : $ung

References : Bleek 689; Dornan 95, 97; Vossen 446.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *|ʔũ̂

Meaning : hair

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *|ʔũ

West Khoe : *|ʔũ̂

East Khoe : *|ʔũ̂

Notes : Baucom: Molepolole |ho.

References : Baucom 22; Vossen 446.

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *|ʔũ

Meaning : hair

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : |û-b

!Ora : |ʔũ̇-b; |un-kʔua (Wu.)

References : Haacke 56; Meinhof 95; Rust 368; Wuras 446.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *|ʔũ̂

Meaning : hair, feather

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : |ʔũ̂

Kxoe (Hukwe) : |ʔṹ; |ʔũ̂ (Kö.); ǂun (W.)

Buga : |ʔũ̂

|Ganda : |ʔũ̂

Naro : |ʔũ̂ (V.); |ṍõ̀, |ṹũ̀ (Ba.)

|Gwi : |ʔũ̂

//Gana : |ʔũ̂

#Haba : |ʔũ̂

Tsaukwe : ǂūng

References : Barnard 68; Bleek 676; KH; Vossen 446.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *|ʁV

Meaning : hair

Proto-Bushman : *|₁ʁu- ~ *|₁χu-

Proto-Khoe : *|ʔũ̂

Sandawe : *c̣e (?)

Hadza : *ƛ̣e (?)

Notes : Bushman and Khoe data are fairly compatible; Sandawe and Hadza parallels, on the other hand, are very weak.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 45

Proto-Bushman : *ǀ₁ʁu- ~ *ǀ₁χu-

Meaning : hair

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *!xʼui

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɡǀqhu

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀhu

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *!xʼui

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: hair

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !xʼúí (n5 -si) // !xʼúí-ɳ!áŋ (n5 -si) "colour"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): !xʼoi

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !xʼwe, pl. !xʼweː-si ~ !xʼwi, pl. !xʼwi-si ~ !wi ~ !ui-si

Nogau : !ʰoi

!Kung (Lloyd) : !xwé, pl. !xʼwé-ssiŋ ~ !xʼwī ~ !xʼwí, pl. !xʼwi-ssiŋ

!Kung (Doke): !xʼwì

!O!Kung (Bleek) : !wi ~ xʼwi

Tsumkwe : !xʼúi

Tsintsabis : !xʼúi

Okongo : !xʼúi

Leeunes : !xʼúi

Mpunguvlei : !xʼúi

Cuito : !xʼúi

Cuando : !xʼúi

South Omatako : !xʼói

North Omatako : !xʼói

Kameeldoring : !xʼói

Lister : !xʼúi

Notes : Cf. also //Au//en $kui 'beard' (P.)?

References : Bleek 128, 427, 450, 466, 469, 510, 689; Dickens 315; Snyman 22; Snyman 1997: 92.

RefLex number: 2314

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ɡ|qhu

Stems : *ɡ|qhu-ã

Meaning : hair, feather

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ɡ|qhùã, ɡ|qhûã 2 II, pl. -tê 2 II; var. |qhùã; |hoa, |koã (Mg.)

Masarwa : |kwāni; |khā "long feather"

|Nu//en : |kuinte; ||xwaʔa (?)

!Xoong derivates : !qhàa ɡ|qhùã-tê à̰a-tû "light, whispy clouds"; !qhàa ɡ|qhùã-tê qáe-tû "heavy, well-developed rain clouds"

Notes : Cf. also ɡ|qhúu 1 n II, pl. -tê 4 u II "tuft, tail hairs; flywhisk"; ɡ|qhùbi-sì-sà 2 II, pl. -tê 2 II "eyelash".

References : Bleek 311, 330, 355, 638; Bleek 1929: 45; Maingard 1958: 102; Traill 63, 64.

South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

Proto-!Wi : *|hu

Meaning : hair, feather

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : |kú, |kúki, |kúkǝn, emph. |kúkakǝn (B.); |khŭ́, emph. |khúkǝn; |kŭ́, |kŭ́ken (Ll.)

//Ng : =|khu, |ku, |ku-nte

N|huki : |huu-si (sg.), |huu-ke (pl.)

#Khomani : |khu, |khuke, |khūki (Mg.)

//Xegwi (Batwa) : |kho; |khũ (LH)

|Auni : |kho

|Haasi : |ɔ

Khatia : |koo

|Nusan : |hũ; |kuggen (Kr.)

References : Bleek 290, 311, 313-4, 320, 323, 326, 330, 355; LHb 48; Maingard 240; NFn.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *c̣e

Meaning : hair

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : ts'ė (D.); tsʔê (E.); ts'è (Kim.); ts'ɛ (TBW)

References : Dempwolff 52; Elderkin 1983: 509; Kimmenade 59; TBW 301.

Hadza etymology :

Proto-Hadza : *ƛ̣e

Meaning : hair

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Hadza : hatl'e (E.); ɦá-tɫ'è (S.); hátl'ê-ko (Tc.)

References : Elderkin; Sands 187; Tucker.

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