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East Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-East Khoe : *ʒ́óà
Meaning : ashes
|Xaise : ʒ́óá
Cara : ʒ́òà
Tsixa : dyúà
Danisi : dyúà
Kua : ʒ́óá
Tsua : ʒ́ùá
Hietshware : ǯoaa
ekhet-meaning,ekhet-prnum,ekhet-hais,ekhet-cara,ekhet-tsix,ekhet-dani,ekhet-kua,ekhet-tsua,ekhet-hie,ekhet-refer,
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Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Khoe : *ɡǂóà
Meaning : ashes; clay, mud
Notes : Baucom: Buka ǂʔoo, Kx'am ||õã, ǂ'Oxoku ɡǂoa.
ckhet-meaning,ckhet-prnum,ckhet-kkh,ckhet-wkh,ckhet-ekh,ckhet-notes,ckhet-refer,
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Khoekhoe etymology :
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Proto-Khoekhoe : *ǂoa
Meaning : clay, mud
Nama : ǂgoa-b
!Ora : ǂòàs; ǂkòab (Wu.)
kkhet-meaning,kkhet-prnum,kkhet-nama,kkhet-kora,kkhet-refer,
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West Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-West Khoe : *ɡǂóà
Meaning : ashes
//Ani : ɡǂóà
Kxoe (Hukwe) : ɡǂoá; |ē gŏā (W.) [said to be Tsaukwe but hardly so]
Buga : ɳǂòá
|Ganda : ɳǂòà
|Gwi : ɡǂúà; ǂdóa (Ta.)
//Gana : ɡǂóà; ǂdóa (Ta.)
Notes : Nasal efflux in Buga and |Ganda due to contamination with *ɳǂu "black"?
wkhet-meaning,wkhet-prnum,wkhet-tani,wkhet-hukw,wkhet-buga,wkhet-anda,wkhet-gwik,wkhet-gana,wkhet-notes,wkhet-refer,
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Macro-Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Khoisan : *ʒ́o[a]
Meaning : ashes
Notes : Possibly two different roots after all (the few existing examples where the Khoe/Bushman palatal click can be correlated with Sandawe data involve dental stops rather than affricates in Sandawe).
khoiet-meaning,khoiet-bsh,khoiet-ckh,khoiet-san,khoiet-had,khoiet-notes,
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Peripheral Khoisan etymology :
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Number : 6
Proto-Bushman : *ɡǂoa
Meaning : ashes
Proto-Ju : *ɡǀǀoa
Proto-Taa : *ɡǂòa
ǂHoan : *ɡǂoʔa (?)
Notes : Inclusion of the ǂHoan parallel is dubious because of semantics and an unclear glottal stop. Note that at least some forms may have been borrowed from Central Khoisan (Zhuǀ'hoan ɡǂoah "soap" is most certainly one of these).
bshet-proto,bshet-meaning,bshet-prnum,bshet-nkh,bshet-nkhnum,bshet-xoo,bshet-xoonum,bshet-hoan,bshet-hoannum,bshet-notes,
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North Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Ju: *ɡǀǀoa
Tonal pattern: XX [j]
Meaning: ashes
Juǀʼhoan : ɡǂȍȁʰ (n3) "soap"
!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǂóä ~ ɡǂwá
!Kung (Weich): ɡǂoaa
!O!Kung (Bleek) : ɡǂwà
!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǂòá
Notes : Ekoka has ɡǀǀȍhà "ash", which does not correspond to these forms very well, but should be noted nevertheless.
RefLex number: 377
nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-kng,nkhet-wei,nkhet-okn,nkhet-osn,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,
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South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :
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Proto-Taa : *ɡǂòa
Meaning : ashes
!Xoong : ɡǂòa 3 II
Masarwa : ||gwā
xooet-meaning,xooet-prnum,xooet-xoo,xooet-masa,xooet-refer,
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East #Hoan etymology :
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Proto-#Hoan : *ɡǂoʔa
Meaning : to kindle (fire)
#Hoan : ɡǂoʔoa (CF)
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Sandawe etymology :
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Proto-Sandawe : *c̣uc̣u
Meaning : ember, coal
Sandawe : ts'uts'uṅ (D.); tsʔútsʔū́ŋ (E.); ts'uts'un (K.); ts'uts'u (Kim.); ts'üts'ü (TBW)
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Hadza etymology :
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Proto-Hadza : *c̣o
Meaning : ashes; fire
Hadza : ts'ɔko "ashes, firewood, fire" (B.); hots'o "ash" (E.); ɦóts'ó- "ashes" (S.); ts'ok'o- "fire" (S.); hóts'ò-kò "ash" (Tc.), ts'o-ko "fire" (Tc.)
Notes : It is possible to separate a root *c̣o with derivatives *ho-c̣o 'ashes' and *c̣o-ko 'fire'.
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