Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *||kxa

Meaning : to wash

Proto-Bushman : *||kxa

Proto-Khoe : *||kxâ

Sandawe : *ɳ||oko (?)

Hadza : *||ʔoʔo (?)

Notes : Hadza and Sandawe forms obviously belong together, but whether they have anything to do with Proto-Khoisan I *||kxa is yet to be determined.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 541

Proto-Bushman : *ǀǀkxa

Meaning : to wash

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǀǀxʼa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-!Wi : *ǀǀkxan

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *ǀǀkxa

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

North Khoisan etymology :

South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

Proto-!Wi : *||kxan

Meaning : to wash

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

N|huki : ||xʔan, ||xʔǝn, ||xʔam (?)

References : NFn.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *||kxa

Meaning : to wash

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : ||xʔa (CF); !xā (T.); ||kxʔaa (T.)

References : Cornell Files; Traill 1973: 32; Traill 1986: 428.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *||kxâ

Meaning : to wash

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *||kxa

West Khoe : *||kxâ

East Khoe : *||ʔâ

References : Baucom 28; Vossen 505.

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *||kxa

Meaning : to wash

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : ||ā

!Ora : ||xʔá; ||xa₃ (Wu.)

References : Haacke 72; Meinhof 143; Rust 18; Wuras 55.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *||kxâ

Meaning : to wash

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : ||xʔâ

Kxoe (Hukwe) : ||xʔáà

Buga : ||xʔâ

|Ganda : ||xʔâ

Naro : ||xʔâ (V.); ||xâ, ||ka (Ba.)

|Gwi : ||xʔâ; ||ká (Ta.)

//Gana : ||xʔâ; ||ká (Ta.)

#Haba : ||xʔâ

References : Barnard 160; KH; Tanaka 105; Vossen 505.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *||ʔâ

Meaning : to wash

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : ||ʔâ

Deti : ||ʔâ

Cara : ||ʔá

Danisi : ||ʔâ

Cua : ||ʔâ

Kua : ||ʔâ

Tsua : ||ʔâ

References : Vossen 505.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *ɳ||oko

Meaning : to wash, bathe

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : ||ṅo_̇ku (D.); ||nókhò (E.); ||noko (K.); n||`òko (Kim.)

References : Dempwolff 41; Elderkin 1998: 29; Kagaya 80; Kimmenade 68.

Hadza etymology :

Proto-Hadza : *||ʔoʔo

Meaning : to bathe, wash

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Hadza : ŋ̥||ʔoʔo- (S.); ||ʔòʔó (TBW)

References : Sands 188; TBW 318.

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