Macro-Khoisan etymology : List with all references

Number : 73

Proto-Bushman : *daʔ- (*ʔna-?)

Meaning : fire, to burn

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *daʔa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *nà̰^hʔni (?)

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Notes : The NK form has good outside parallels; however, comparison with SK *nà̰^hʔni, although tempting (cf. *ʔna̰^h[-N] 'gums'), is not reliable, particularly due to vocalism problems. Cf., however, Sandawe *naʔ- 'to burn', which may shed extra light on the problem.

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *daʔa

Tonal pattern: LH [j] ~ LM [k] ~ LL [e] ~ LH [Sn.]

Meaning: fire; firewood

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : dàʔá (n4 -si) "fire, firewood" // dàʔá-dʰȁrì (n5 -si) "flame"; dàʔá-ǀǀʼáí (n5 -si) "charcoal"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): daʔa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : dà

Nogau : da tali "flame" // da šua "smoke"; dai "branch" (?), daintu "wood, forest"

!Kung (Lloyd) : daː ~ dːʔa ~ dăä́

!Kung (Doke): dāʔā ~ dǝ̄ʔā

!Kung (Vedder): dʔâː

!Kung (Wilhelm): dǝʔaː

!Kung (Weich): daʔa

!O!Kung (Bleek) : dà

!O!Kung (Snyman): dàʔá

Kavango : dàʔá

Ekoka : dàʔà (3)

Tsumkwe : dàʔá

Tsintsabis : dàʔá

Okongo : dàʔá

Leeunes : dàʔá

Mpunguvlei : dàʔá

Cuito : dàʔá

Cuando : dàʔá

South Omatako : dàʔá

North Omatako : dàʔá

Kameeldoring : dàʔá

Lister : dàʔá

Various addenda: Passarge (!Kung): da.

Notes : In Juǀhoan cf. the derivative dȁʔànì (n4 -si) 'firesticks, tinderbox' = !Kung dăna ~ dːắna (Ll.), dǝʔána ~ dǝʔáni: ~ dĭ́ni: (Wil.), Ekoka dàʔānnā id. In !Kung (Ll.) cf. also dáí 'light'. Further derivates include dȁʔànì-ɡ!ȁ 'awl'; dȁʔànì-kú-čàè-čàè 'stinging nettle'.

References : Bleek 20, 23; Dickens 194; Heikkinen 1986; KH 128; Snyman 25; Snyman 1980: 38; Snyman 1997: 37; Weich 6.

RefLex number: 114

nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-nga,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-wei,nkhet-okn,nkhet-osn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-varia,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *nà̰^hʔni

Meaning : flame

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : nà̰hʔni-kà 2 n/u II, pl. -tê 2 u II

References : Traill 193.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *dao

Meaning : to burn

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *dao

West Khoe : *dao

East Khoe : *dao

References : Baucom 19; Vossen 500.

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *dao

Meaning : to burn

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : dao; tao (R.)

!Ora : dao "anzünden"

References : Haacke 7; Meinhof 81; Rust 53.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *dao

Meaning : to burn

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : dáò

Kxoe (Hukwe) : daó; dàó (Kö.)

Buga : dáò

|Ganda : dàò

Naro : dàó (V.); tàú, dàú (Ba.)

|Gwi : díò; gyó (Ta.)

//Gana : dáó; daó (Ta.)

#Haba : díò

References : Barnard 131; Tanaka 17; Vossen 500.