Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *ckxaN-

Meaning : wet

Proto-Bushman : *ckxani

Proto-Khoe : *|kxã

Sandawe : *hac̣a (?)

Notes : Initial ha- in Sandawe may reflect an older prefix, but could as well have simply become contracted in Khoe and Peripheral Bushman.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 668

Proto-Bushman : *ckxani

Meaning : to be wet

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǂxʼani

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ckxàni

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *tiʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: heavy

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : tȉʰ // tiha (n5) "weight"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ti

Nogau : ti "rich"

!Kung (Lloyd) : tí ~ tːí

Kavango : tȉ

Ekoka : tȉhì "heavy" // tȉì "be heavy"

References : Bleek 201; Dickens 272; Heikkinen 1986; KH 69.

RefLex number: 1532

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ckxàni

Meaning : to be wet, rain heavily

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : tsʔkxʔàni (ń)

References : Traill 168.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *|kxã

Meaning : wet (to be)

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *|kxã

West Khoe : *|kxã

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *|kxã

Meaning : wet

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : |â

!Ora : |xʔã́ (M.); |χã (Wu.)

References : Haacke 53; Meinhof 97; Rust 9; Wuras 56.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *|kxã

Meaning : to be wet

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Kxoe (Hukwe) : |xʔã́ "be green, be juicy"

Naro : |xʔaã; |xʔá (Ba.)

References : Barnard 160; KH.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *hac̣a

Meaning : wet

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : hats'a "wetness", hats'a-s(i) "to become wet" (K.); hats'ase "etre mouillé" (Kim.)

References : Kagaya 86; Kimmenade 40.

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