Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *ɳ||u-

Meaning : to stand

Proto-Bushman : *ɳ||a(^ŋ)

Sandawe : *ɳ||ume

Notes : In Bushman cf. particularly the !Xóõ form.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 533

Proto-Bushman : *ɡǀǀa(^ŋ)

Meaning : to stand (pl.)

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ɡǀǀa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ʔɳǀǀṵ̀ã^h (?)

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

ǂHoan : *ɡǀǀã

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Inclusion of the PT form is very dubious, not just because of the irregular efflux (which could be tentatively explained by assimilation with the nasal vowel), but also because of the vocalism.

North Khoisan etymology :

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ʔ||nṵ̀ã^h

Meaning : to stand (pl.)

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ʔ||nṵ̀hã

References : Traill 127.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *ɡ||ã

Meaning : to stand (pl.)

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : ɡ||an (C.); ||gã́ (G.)

References : Collins 2001: 472; Gruber 1975: 5.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *ɳ||ume

Meaning : to stand

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : ||ṅume (D.); ||ṅuṅku "stellen" (D.); ||nume (K.); n||`ume (Kim.); n||úme, n||úmɛ́ʔɔ̀ (TBW)

References : Dempwolff 41; Kagaya 80; Kimmenade 68; TBW 304.

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