North Khoisan etymology : List with all references

Proto-Ju: *ɡǂa

Tonal pattern: XX [j] ~ XX [k] ~ XX [e]

Meaning: old (of things)

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ɡǂȁʰ // ɡǂȁʰ-ǂxȁȅ "small antelope (such as steenbok or duiker)" (n5); ɡǂà-kʰàm-kʰàm "be very old and feeble"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ɡǂa "to age"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǂa

!Kung (Lloyd) : ɡǂã ~ ɡǂã̌ ~ ɡǂe

!Kung (Doke): ɡǂʔàː ~ ɡǂǝʔàː

!Kung (Weich): ɡǂa

!O!Kung (Snyman): ɡǂàà

Kavango : ɡǂȁ

Ekoka : ɡ!̯ȁ

Tsumkwe : ɡǂā

Tsintsabis : ɡǂā

Okongo : ɡǂā

Leeunes : ɡǂā

Mpunguvlei : ɡǂā

Cuito : ɡǂā

Cuando : ɡǂā

South Omatako : ɡǂā

North Omatako : ɡǂā

Kameeldoring : ɡǂā

Lister : ɡǂā

Notes : The !Kung forms recorded by Doke are strange and rather indicate a variant like *ɡǂaʔa.

References : Bleek 644, 646; Dickens 206; Heikkinen 1986; KH 131; Snyman 17; Snyman 1980: 45; Snyman 1997: 45; Weich 19.

RefLex number: 330

nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-wei,nkhet-osn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-omn,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 434

Proto-Bushman : *ǀǀ₁a^h ~ *ɡǀǀ₁a^h

Meaning : old

Proto-Ju : *ɡǂa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀǀã̀^h

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *||ã̀^h

Meaning : old, mature

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ||àhã -sà ||ahV L

!Xoong derivates : ||àhi 3 II, pl. ||àhba-tê 4 II "lit. old one, i.e. mature male duiker"

References : Traill 102, 103.