South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ǂáʔ

Stems : *ǂáʔ-na

Meaning : black

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ǂáʔŋa kú -sà

Masarwa : |k"a (?); dani (?)

|Nu//en : ǂkana

!Xoong derivates : ǂābe 3 e/u I (sg. and pl.), dim. ǂáu-bâ 3 I, ǂã́-nî 2 I "black person"

Notes : The Masarwa forms are unclear; initial d-, in particular, is known to be sometimes transcribed by Bleek insead of the voiced lateral click, but here we have a voiceless palatal one. (On the other hand, the palatal click is almost never transcribed in Masarwa - in most cases, it seems to be realized as either the alveolar or the lateral one).

References : Bleek 21, 337, 520; Traill 131.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 28

Proto-Bushman : *ǂaʔ

Meaning : black

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Taa : *ǂáʔ

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

ǂHoan : *ǂkxau

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : On the correspondence "SK zero efflux - ǂHoan -kx-" see *ǀuʔi 'small' q.v.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *ǂkxau

Meaning : black

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : kǂχʔau (BC.); ǂxau, !kxʔiu (T.)

References : Bell-Collins 2001: 144; Traill 1973: 29.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *ǂa[ʔ] [~]

Meaning : black

Proto-Bushman : *ǂaʔ

Notes : Only attested in Peripheral Khoisan so far.

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