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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *q̇ʷoni
Meaning: 1 head 2 horn
Andian language: Gʷon 2
Chamalal: un 1
Tindi: ʔʷani 1
Karata: ʕon 2 (Tok)
Bagvalal: un 1
Godoberi: wani 1
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *hq̇wĕmV̄
Meaning: horn; head
Notes: Reconstructed for PEC (a case of the *HCVRV̄ structure).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *mɦaʔo
Meaning: horn
Chechen: maʕa
Ingush: muʕa
Batsbi: mʕaʔŏ
Comments: Chech. -ʕ- instead of -ʔ- under influence of the original *-ɦ- in the initial cluster. Cf. also Shar., Khild. mʕaʔa. 4th class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *q̇ɔm B
Meaning: head
Tsezi: q̇Iim
Ginukh: q̇imu
Khvarshi: q̇em
Inkhokvari: q̇Iem
Bezhta: q̇am
Gunzib: q̇ɔm
Comments: PTsKh *q̇eIm(u) (probably < *q̇öIm(u) with dissimilative delabialisation), PGB *q̇ɔm. The same root (but with another Ablaut grade) is present in Gunz. q̇ǝ̃-ƛ (*q̇ǝm-ƛ) 'under the head'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: q̇i
Meaning: horn
Lak form: q̇i (Khosr.)
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *q̇ʷem
Meaning: 1 back of head 2 summit, top 3 neck
Lezghian: q̇am 1 (Khl. 3)
Rutul: q̇um 1 (Ikhr.)
Tsakhur: q̇om 2
Comment: Obl. base *q̇ʷemɨ-, cf. Lezg. q̇amu-, Tsakh. (Gelm.) q̇omɨ-. 4th class in Tsakh. and Rut. See Талибов 1980, 308.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xq̇wĕmV
Meaning: horn; edge
Comments and references : WFR 85.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khǝ̆m
Meaning: bank, shore
Tibetan: ãgram shore, bank; near, close to.
Burmese: kamh shore, bank.
Kachin: (H) kha-kom a shore (Hkauri), kha-nin-gam bank of a river (kha).
Lushai: kam bank, shore; KC *kam.
Comments: Garo rikam bank, margin, rim. Cf. also OCh. 險 *xramʔ precipitous, a perilous defile. Sh. 47; Ben 71.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 嶔
Modern (Beijing) reading: qīn
Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝm
Classic Old Chinese: khǝm
Western Han Chinese: khǝm
Eastern Han Chinese: khǝm
Early Postclassic Chinese: khim
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khim
Late Postclassic Chinese: khim
Middle Chinese: khim
English meaning : precipitous; mountain peak [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 嶔崟 высокий (о горах); горные кручи
Comments: OC *khrǝm can be also reconstructed. During Late Zhou the word is attested only within the die-sheng 嶔岑 *kh(r)ǝm-ʒ́hrǝm 'precipitous'; later it is attested both in a number of other compounds and separately (as 'high mountain peak'). Cf. also 嵁.
Radical: 46
Four-angle index: 4793
Karlgren code: 0652 k
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *gain
Meaning: 1 summit, peak 2 surface, exterior 3 above
Bizkaian: gan 1, 2
Gipuzkoan: gain 1, 2
High Navarrese: gain 1, 2
Low Navarrese: gain 1, 2, 3
Lapurdian: gain 1, 2, 3
Zuberoan: gañ 1, 2, 3
Roncalese: gain 1, 2
Comments: Cf. Tsakhur q̇om 'summit, top'. *gain is found in many compounds, e.g. lepa-gain 'nape', soin-gain 'shoulder', be-kain 'eyebrow' (*begi-t-gain), etc.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVMPV
Meaning : top of head
Amerind (misc.) : *kamo 'ear' (R 194); ? *kʷan 'horn' (R 379) [+ A K] Notes : ?? Here also Sem., Chad. *ḳVm- 'rise, lift' ( < *'top'?).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *KVmPV
Meaning: top of head
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ki̯amp`a
Meaning: top, top of head
Russian meaning: верхушка, верх головы
Comments: PKE 68 (Kor.-Turk., without Japanese parallels), АПиПЯЯ 279, Лексика 200. Tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular. The variation between *-m- and *-p- in most subgroups reflects the PA cluster *-mp`-, possibly with later interdialectal loans. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak
Meaning: 1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrow
Russian meaning: 1 лоб 2 передняя часть 3 веко 4 бровь
Turkish: kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull'
Tatar: küz qabaɣɨ 3, dial. taw qabaɣɨ 'mountain slope'
Uzbek: qɔvɔq 3
Uighur: dial. qawaq 3
Sary-Yughur: qavaq 'nose bridge' (ЯЖУ) Azerbaidzhan: GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face'
Turkmen: GābaG 3
Khakassian: xamax 1
Shor: qamaq, qabaq 1
Oyrat: qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1
Tuva: xavaq 1
Tofalar: qabaq 4
Kirghiz: qabaq 3, 'pitfall'
Kazakh: qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore'
Noghai: qabaq 3
Bashkir: qabaq 3, 'precipice'
Karakalpak: qabaq 3, 'cleft'
Kumyk: göz qabaɣɨ 3
Comments: VEWT 228, ЭСТЯ 5, 161, Лексика 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tüj-, bürkö-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tüj-. The form *Kāpak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Kāp 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[ā]p`á), *Kāp(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`āp`á). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Kāp. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kiama / *kiapa
Meaning: 1 temple 2 face
Russian meaning: 1 висок 2 лицо
Evenki: kē̂wa 2
Orok: qē̂mi 1
Nanai: qǟf (Bik.) 1
Udighe: keämikta 1
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kàmá
Meaning: crown of head
Russian meaning: верхушка головы
Modern Korean: kama
Middle Korean: kàmá
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kàm(p)-
Meaning: 1 top 2 head
Russian meaning: 1 верх, верхушка 2 голова
Old Japanese: kamji 1
Middle Japanese: kàmí 1, kabu(ri) 2
Tokyo: kámi 1, káburi, kàburi 2
Kyoto: kàmí 1, kábúrí 2
Kagoshima: kamí 1, kaburí 2
Nase: kàmàčí 2
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kom-
Meaning : branch; horn
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kom dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *komb-
Meaning : horn
Tamil : kompu
Tamil meaning : branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk
Tamil derivates : kompan_ tusked or horned animal, clever man (used ironically); koppu branch
Malayalam : kompu
Malayalam meaning : horn, tusk, musical horn, branch, pole, mast, spear
Malayalam derivates : kompan horned, male of cattle; a valiant, arrogant person; kompikka to grow arrogant, angry
Kannada : kombu
Kannada meaning : branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk, root
Kannada derivates : kombe, (Nanj.) kome branch
Kodagu : kombɨ
Kodagu meaning : branch, horn of an animal
Tulu : kombu
Tulu meaning : branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk
Tulu derivates : (B-K) kombe a buck deer; kombelụ a horn used by a toddy-tapper
Number in DED : 2115
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kob
Meaning : branch, horn
Kota : kob "branch, horn of an animal, musical horn, tusk"
Toda : kub "horn blown by Kota musician"
Additional forms : Also Kota kombn man who thinks well of himself, boastful man; fem. komby
Notes : Kota forms with -mb- may be borrowed from Tamil.
Number in DED : 2115
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *komm-
Meaning : horn, musical horn, tusk
Telugu : kommu
Additional forms : Also komma branch
Number in DED : 2115
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kom
Meaning : branch, horn
Kolami : kom "branch of tree, horn"
Naikri : komm "horn"
Salur Gadba : kommu "horn"
Number in DED : 2115
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kom-
Meaning : branch; horn
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kom- gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kom-
Meaning : branch of tree
Koya Gondi : koma
Number in DED : 2115
Number in CVOTGD : 912
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : koma (pl. komeŋ)
Meaning: branch of tree
Additional forms : Also Konda komu (pl. komku) horn
Number in DED : 2115
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kom-
Meaning : horn
Pengo : koma, komo
Manda : kumu
Number in DED : 2115
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kom-
Meaning : branch; horn
Kui : gopkā "(Mah) branches"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kōma (pl. kōmanga) "branch"
Kuwi (Schulze) : komma "branch"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : komma (pl. -ŋa) "branch"
Parja Kuwi : kommu (pl. komka) "horn"
Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Su kommu (pl. komka) horn; Kuwi_F kōmū (pl. kōmka), Kuwi_S kommu horn
Notes : The a-stem (*koma) meant 'branch' in PK; the u-stem (*komu) meant 'horn'. Voiced g- in Kui_Mah is not clear; *kopka would be expected; dialectal peculiarity?
Number in DED : 2115
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qẹmĭ-
Meaning (Rus.): макушка; волос головы
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *qemi-
Meaning (Rus.): макушка 1, потолок 2
Chukchee: qɛ́mtɛ-n 1
Koryak: qemi-lqǝ-n 2
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *k'ʷimi "
Meaning (Rus.): волос
Itelmen: k'im-k'im, km-km** (k'mi-'n pl.) 1
Itelmen meaning: волос 1, лента, заплетенная в косу 2
West Itelmen: kɨm-kɨm (kimin pl.), kujmɨ-m
West Itelmen meaning: crines
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): wɫosy
South Itelmen: kubi-t [kubi-'id*] pl.
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): crines
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): wɫosy ludzkie
Number in Volodin 1976: 56, 126
Volodin-Zhukova reference: 336
Comments: В зап. камч. kujmɨm скорее собирательное название, а не множественное число.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-vzhu,itelet-comments,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳam-
Meaning: rise, lift
Berber: *ḳaym 'sit'?
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1178
Proto-Semitic: *ḳVwVm-
Meaning: 'stand (up), rise'
Akkadian: ḳamām- 'stand up straight (of hair), stand on end' AHw (LGz)
Ugaritic: ḳm 'ponerse en pie, alzarse' DLU 367
Hebrew: ḳwm 'rise, get up, stand up' HAL 1086
Aramaic: Pal ḳwm
Biblical Aramaic: ḳwm
Syrian Aramaic: ḳwm
Mandaic Aramaic: ḳwm
Arabic: ḳwm [-u-]
Epigraphic South Arabian: ḳwm
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḳwm 'stand, stay, remain, rise, arise'
Tigrai (Tigriñña): ḳomä
Amharic: ḳomä
Argobba: ḳoma, oma
Gafat: ḳomä
Gurage: Sod ḳomäm, Cha ḳʷämäm
Notes: Secondary transformation of a biconsonantal root into a *CVwVC- structure
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-bib,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-arg,semet-gaf,semet-gur,semet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ḳam-
Meaning: 'lift'
Geji: kàmì [Kr N 358]
Buli: kǝmu [Kr]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-gej,wchet-bul,
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