Аваро-андийская этимология :

Праформа: *ʎ:VdV

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: wife

Аварский: ʎ:ádi

Комментарии: Irregular accent paradigm in Av.: gen. ʎ:ádu-l, pl. ʎ:ud-bí.

Севернокавказская этимология :

PROTO: *ʎ_(w)ɨ̆rV / *ʎ_(w)ɨ̆r-dV

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: woman, female

AAND: *ʎ:VdV

LAK: š:ar

DARG: *xadi

LEZG: *ʎɨr (~*ʎ:-)

COMMENT: Reconstructed for the PEC level.The root is also attested in HU: Urart. lutu 'women' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 27). The meaning of the Urartian form sheds light on the nature of the element *-dV in EC (present in Av., Darg. and Ur.): this is most probably an original plural formant.

    See Trubetzkoy 1922, 239. Despite Abdokov (1983, 89), the EC root can not be related to WC *sʷǝ(mǝ)c̣V 'woman' q.v.

Лакская этимология :

Лакский корень: š:ar

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: wife

Лакская форма: š:ar

Комментарий: Cf. also š:ar-s:a 'woman, wife'.

Даргинская этимология :

Прадаргинский: *xadi

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: woman

Чирагский: xade

Комментарии: Isolated in Chir., but with good external parallels.

Лезгинская этимология :

Пралезгинский: *ʎ:ɨr

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: 1 woman 2 female 3 *wife

Лезгинский: ir 3

Агульский: xir 1

Цахурский: xɨwɨl'na 2

Комментарий: The Lezg. word is preserved only in compound kinship terms: iran-buba 'father-in-law' (*"wife's father"), iran-dide 'mother-in-law' (*"wife's mother"), iran-stχa 'brother-in-law' (*"wife's brother"), iran-waχ 'sister-in-law' (*"wife's sister"), with dialectal (Yark.) variants jaran-. The oblique base can be, therefore, reconstructed as *ʎ:ɨra- or *ʎ:ɨrä-. (One should note that the Ag. -r- here is present in all dialects, cf. Fit., Burk. xir, and thus can not go back to *-n:-; it also corresponds quite regularly to Tsakh. -w-. Thus this root must be kept apart from PL *ʎ:ɨn:- q.v.).

Сино-кавказская этимология :

Прасинокавказский: *ʎ(w)ɨ̆́rV / *ʎ(w)ɨ̆́r-dV

Значение: woman

Севернокавказский: *ʎ_(w)ɨ̆rV / *ʎ_(w)ɨ̆r-dV

Енисейский: *ʔalit (~-ŕ-)

BASQ: *a=ɫhar-gun

Комментарии и ссылки: HGC 23. Since the *-d- element here is quite widespread - preserved in EC, HU and Yenisseian - it may have actually been part of the root, reanalyzed as a plural (collective) morpheme in some languages and thus generating a secondary form *ʎ(w)ɨ̆́rV.

Енисейская этимология :

Праенисейский: *ʔalit (~-ŕ-)

Синокавказская этимология: Синокавказская этимология

Значение: woman

Коттский: alit, alīt, pl. alitn, alītn; (Бол.) alat "woman", alit "wife"; Ass. alit (М., Сл., Срсл.) "wife"

Аринский: bɨqam-álte (М.), biqam-álte (Срсл.) "wife"; (Лоск.) kekm-elte "wife"

Примечания: ССЕ 180. Arin has a compound with biqam(al)- "(my) wife". Werner 1, 25.

Баскская этимология :

PROTO: *a=ɫhar-gun

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 widow 2 widower

BZK: alargun 1, 2

GIP: alargun 1, 2

ANV: alargun 1, 2

BNV: alhargun 2, alharguntsa 1, (arc) elhargun 1, 2

SAL: alargun 1, 2

LAB: alhargun 2, alharguntsa 1

BZT: alargun 1, 2

AZK: alargun 1, 2

ZBR: alhárgün 2, alhargüntsa 1

RNC: alargun 1, 2

COMMENTS: Tentatively, a compound of *a=ɫhar- ‘*wife’ + *gun [obscure, but possibly related to Bsq *higuni ‘hatred, hated’ (q.v.)]. It is unclear whether the oldest meaning is ‘widow’, ‘widower’, or both. An old usage cited by Azkue (from Refranes y sentencias, 1596 CE) has ‘widow’, and per Azkue alharguntegi is ‘pews in church reserved for widows’. If ‘widow’ was primary, *a=ɫhar-gun may have meant ‘wife abandoned (by death of husband)’: see especially the meanings (BN) higuin ‘(man) to put away one’s wife’, (Z-arc) higüin ‘(man) to put away one’s wife; (bird) to abandon one’s eggs’. The northern feminine forms with -tsa are secondary, influenced by Romance (Late Lat. -issa).

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