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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *h(w)Vr(H)V
Meaning: wheel
Avar: ber
Chadakolob: ber
Comments: Av. paradigm A (bér-zul, béra-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʡwilʡă ( ~ -ʕ-,-ǝ̆,-ɨ̄)
Meaning: wheel
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is very close phonetically to *ʡwĭlʡĭ 'eye', and in Lak. and Avar the two words are indeed homonymous. However, reflexes differ in PD and Bezht., thus the homonymy is most probably accidental. It is interesting to note an analogous homonymy in Georgian (twali means both "eye" and "wheel") - this could be due to an influence of EC languages, where the two words coincided by chance.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ʔor ( ~ -ǝ-)
Meaning: wheel
Bezhta: örra
Comments: In Bokarev's notation - orra. The Bezht. form is a former plural in -ra from *ʔor.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ja
Meaning: wheel
Lak form: ja
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ħula
Meaning: wheel
Akusha: ħula
Chiragh: ʕula
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Tsud. ħüla, Kub. ule id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʡw[é]lʡV̄
Meaning: to roll, wheel
Comments and references : HGC 31, WFR 25. In PST cf. also *qhʷăɫ `round, circle', *qʷǝ̄l `revolve, turn round'. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qʷār
Meaning: round
Tibetan: sgor, gor, skor, khor, kor round, ãkhor turn round.
Lushai: ver to move or go round.
Lepcha: kar to twist, to curl as hair, as tail, as leaf
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 丸
Modern (Beijing) reading: wán
Preclassic Old Chinese: wār
Classic Old Chinese: wān
Western Han Chinese: wān
Eastern Han Chinese: wān
Early Postclassic Chinese: wān
Middle Postclassic Chinese: wān
Late Postclassic Chinese: wān
Middle Chinese: ɣwân
English meaning : small round object [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) пуля; шарик, пилюля; 2) яп. "мару" - суффикс, завершающий названия японских коммерческих судов
Comments: The graph is attested already in Shijing, but only as a substitute for 桓 *wār q.v. (and actually rhymes in *-n - although only within one rhyme sequence - , which makes the reconstruction of *-r somewhat dubious). For *w- cf. Xiamen uan2, Chaozhou ĩ2, Fuzhou uoŋ2, Jianou ɔŋ2.
Radical: 3
Four-angle index: 7739
Karlgren code: 0163 a
Go-on: guwan
Kan-on: kuwan
Japanese reading: gan;maru;marumeru;tama;marui
Vietnamese reading: hoàn
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 21
Character: 丸
MC description : 山合一平桓匣
ZIHUI: 0029 1979
Beijing: uan 12
Jinan: uã 12
Xi'an: uã 12
Taiyuan: vä̃ 1
Hankou: uan 12
Chengdu: yan 12
Yangzhou: uõ 12
Suzhou: ɦuö 12
Wenzhou: ɦy 12
Changsha: yẽ 12
Shuangfeng: ɣuã 12
Nanchang: yɔn 31
Meixian: jan 12
Guangzhou: jyn 12
Xiamen: uan 12
Chaozhou: ĩ 12
Fuzhou: uɔŋ 12
Shanghai: uö 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: on 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔiL- (~x-)
Meaning: wheel
Ket: iĺtǝp6, pl. iĺtaŋ5, eĺtaŋ5
Comments: ССЕ 193. A compound with PY *tap- 'circle, hoop' q.v. in the second part. Werner's (1, 361) analysis of *ʔiL- as 'small' is not based on any evidence.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *bil / *e=biɫi
Meaning: 1 to walk, go about 2 wheel
Bizkaian: ibili 1, (arc) ebili 1, bur-pil 2
Gipuzkoan: ibili 1, gur-pil 2, kur-pil 2
High Navarrese: ibili 1
Low Navarrese: ibili 1
Salazarese: ebli 1
Lapurdian: ibili 1
Zuberoan: ebili, ebil 1
Roncalese: ebili 1
Comments: gur-pil < *gurt-bil (*gurdi 'cart, wagon', q.v.). Cf. *bVrVbil 'round'.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVLV
Meaning : to roll
Afroasiatic : *wV(H)l- 'to turn, roll' (Sem., Berb., Cush.)
Austric : PAA *wial 'round'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *HUlV
Meaning: to roll
References: ND 2477 *wAḷ/ĺ(V)[h]V 'to turn, roll, revolve'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(e)wel(w)e- <PIH *Hʷ->
Meaning: to twist, to drag along
Hittite: hulali- n. 'Wickel, Binde, Spinnrocken' (Tischler 277ff)
Tokharian: A, B wāl- 'cover, conceal; surround, enclose' (Adams 588); B wäl- 'curl' (596)
Old Indian: valati, -te, ptc. valitá- `to turn, turn round'; (?) valá- m. `cave, cavern; (round?) beam or pole';
Armenian: gelum, aor. geli `drehen, umdrehen, zusammendrehen, winden', med. `sich drehen, winden', glem `rolle, werfe nieder', gil `runder Wurfstein'
Old Greek: ẹ̄léō `rollen, drehen, winden, wälzen', íllō `id.', att. ẹ̄́llō `id.'? *wéli-: gélin = orkiân (leg. ormián) Hsch.; héliks, -kos f. `Gewinde, Windung, gewundene Spange, Ranke, Locke, Spirale, Hebewinde'; ôu̯lo- `kraus, zottig, wollig, gewunden'; alindéō, alíndō, aor. ǟ́līsa `wälzen'; ẹ̄lǘō, pfmed. ẹ̄́lǖmai̯, aor. kat-ẹ̄lǘsante `umwinden, umhüllen, bedecken', eilǘomai̯ `sich winden und krümmen, sich fortschleppen, vorwartskriechen', `kribbeln', aor. pass. elǘsthē `rollte', elüsthẹ̄́s `sich krümmend, windend, duckend; umhüllt, bedeckt'; ion., att. élütro-n `Hülle, Schalle, Futteral, Behälter', elǘtǟ-s `Art Backwerk, etwa Brezel'
Latin: volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtum `rollen, kollern, wälzen, drehen, wirbeln', volūta f. `Volute, Spirale des ionischen Kapitäls', volūcra f. ` Wickelraupe', volvola f., volvulus `Winde (Pflanze)', volūmen, -inis n. `Rolee; Papyrusrolle, Buch'; ? vellere 'zupfen, rupfen, ausreissen'
Celtic: OIr fillim `biege'
Russ. meaning: крутить, валять
References: WP I 298 f
Comments: Could be 2 (or more) roots.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: вал
Near etymology: II. "волна", также "каток, валек", укр. вал, др.-русск., цслав. валъ "unda", сербохорв. ва̑л, ва̑ла - -- то же, словен. vȃɫ, род. п. valȗ "вал, волна, каток", чеш. val, польск. waɫ. Сюда же обва́л, прова́л, сва́лка, далее, вали́ть, др.-русск. валити, укр. вали́ти, болг. ва́лям "валяю, сыплю, лью", ст.-слав. валити сѩ κυλίεσθαι (Супр.), словен. valíti, чеш. valiti, польск. walić, итер. валя́ть, сербохорв. ва́љати, чеш. váIeti. Далее, сюда же: волна́, ст.-слав. вълати сѩ βασανίζεσθαι и облъ "круглый" (Мейе, MSL 14, 374; Et. 223; Перссон 539 и сл.).
Further etymology: Родственно лит. volė̃ "деревянная колотушка, валек", võlioju, võlioti, вост.-лит. volióti "катать", лтш. uolît "катать, вертеть", uolât "катать", возм., лакон. βήλημα ̇ κώλυμα, φράγμα ἐν ποταμῷ (Гесихий). Другая ступень вокализма в лит. veliù, vélti, лтш. vel̂t "катать, валять", др.-инд. válati (valatē) "вертится, поворачивается", vā́layati "катит, поворачивает", д.-в.-н. wuolên "рыться", др.-исл. valr "круглый", д.-в.-н. wallan "бурлить, кипеть, волноваться", нем. das Volk wallt = русск. наро́д вали́т, арм. glel "вертеть, поворачивать" из *gowlel = *volēi̯e-, лат. volvo "катаю, вращаю", греч. ἐλύω "вью, сгибаю", εἰλύω "окутываю, валяю", алб. valë "волна" и т. д.; см. И. Шмидт, Vok. 2, 421; Траутман, BSW 349; М -- Э. 4, 416, 533; Буазак 223 и сл.; Грюненталь, ИОРЯС 18, 4, 140. По Мейе (MSL 9, 144; 16, 244), valiti не является производным от valъ "вал, волна". Ср. также валя́ть.
Pages: 1,268
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wel̂- (2) (inf. *wel̂-teî 1) vb. tr., *wel̂-t-uw-a- c., -iā̃ f.; *wō̂l-ā̂ (1) f., *wō̂l-a- (2) adj., *wō̂l-a- (2) c.; *wāl-iā̃ f.
Meaning: twist, drag along
Lithuanian: vélti (vẽlia, vḗlē) 'walken, wälzen, schlagen; krempeln, (Haare, Fäden usw. ineinander) verwirren; Verwirrung stiften, usw.', veltùva-s 'Walke, Wollkratze', veltuvē̃ 'Walkmühle, -werk, Krempelmaschine'; uolà, úola 'Fels, Wetzstein'; vōlē̃ 'Hahn am Fass, Spund; Wuhne; ausgehauenes Loch im Eis; Zapfen';
Lettish: uõla 'kleiner, runder Stein; Kiesel; Fels', uõla, ùole2 'Ei'; uôls2 'rund'; uôls2 'Kieselstein'; vel̂t (/ vel̃t Orellen, Ruj.) (vel̨u, vēlu) `wälzen; walken; schlagen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *wiltan- vb., *walt(i)an- vb., *walwian- vb., *walwisōn- vb., *wōljan- vb., *wala-, *walta-, *wal(w)ō, *wōlwian- vb., *wulstō
Meaning: roll, twist
Gothic: *af-walwjan wk. `roll away', *at-walwjan `roll against', *fɔr-walwjan `roll to'; *walwisōn wk. `roll about'; *waltjan wk. `beat into'
Old Norse: val-r `rund'; velta st. `sich wälzen'; valt-r `unstet, wackling'
Norwegian: velta vb.
Old Swedish: välta vb.
Old Danish: välte
Old English: wielwan `wälzen, rollen', walwian tr., intr. `id.', walu f. `Strieme nach einem Schlag', wēlan `umwinden, binden', wältan, wealtan, wyltan `sich wälzen'; wealt `rollend, wälzbar, unbeständig'
Middle Dutch: wālen `rollen (tr.); woelen (refl.)'
Dutch: walen `keren, draaien (zeeterm), kenteren (van het tij)'
Middle Low German: walen `drehen, wälzen, rollen'; wȫlen `umwinden, binden'
Old High German: wulst m. (12.Jh.), { wulsta f. } `Wulst'; wellan st. `runden, rollen'; walzan `sich wälzen'; welzen (9.Jh.) `rollen, drehen'; wuolen (um 1000)
Middle High German: walzen red. v. tr. 'sich wälzen', tr. 'wälzen'; wɛlzen wk. caus.; wüelen wk. 'wühlen'; wulste st. f., wulst st. m. 'wulst'
German: wälzen, wühlen, Wulst m., f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vaḷ-ai-
Meaning : to turn; to surround
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vaḷ-ai-
Meaning : to surround
Tamil : vaḷai (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to surround, hover around, walk around, move about (as foetus in the womb)
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to surround (tr.); n. circle, surrounding region, bangle, bracelet; vaḷaical, vaḷaippu enclosure, courtyard; vaḷaivu circle, circumference; vaḷaiyam ring, circle, bracelet, ambit; vaḷaiyal bangle; vaḷāvu (vaḷāvi-) to surround; vaḷākam enclosing, surrounding; vaṇaŋku (vaṇaŋki-) to surround, encompass
Malayalam : vaḷayuka
Malayalam meaning : to surround
Malayalam derivates : vaḷekka to enclose; vaḷaccal enclosing; vaḷayal surrounding; vaḷappu enclosure of a house, compound; vaḷa ring, bracelet; vaḷaiyam bracelet
Kannada : baḷasu
Kannada meaning : to go in a circle or round, walk or wander about, be surrounded, surround; n. act of surrounding or e ncompassing, what surrounds, state of being circuitous, one round or turn (as of a rope, etc.)
Kannada derivates : baḷe ring, armlet, bracelet
Kodagu : baḷe
Kodagu meaning : bangle, ring
Tulu : baḷè
Tulu meaning : bracelet, hoop
Tulu derivates : balepuni to enclose, surround, besiege
Number in DED : 5313
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *vaḷ-ä-
Meaning : to walk; to drive
Kota : vaḷc- (vaḷc-) "to walk in a circle, make round"
Toda : paɫ̣f- (paɫ̣t-) "to drive (buffalo) with accompanying buffaloes (at funeral, or in purchase)"
Additional forms : Also Kota vaḷ bangle; vaḷ cārym all around; Toda paɫ̣ ɨr buffaloes that are driven to funeral with buffalo that is to be slaughtered; paɫ̣ ring at head of churning stick; paḷ circle, bangle (borrowed?)
Number in DED : 5313
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *val-aj-
Meaning : to turn around (intr.)
Telugu : valayu
Additional forms : Also balayu to surround; (K also) besiege
Notes : The b- forms borrowed from Kannada.
Number in DED : 5313
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-notes,telet-dednum,
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