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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *-Vq:(i)
Meaning: 1 behind 2 locative suffix (series Ad)
Avar: náq:a 1, -q: 2; -q:-an denom. profess.
Chadakolob: maq 1
Andian language: -q:- 2
Akhvakh: -q:- 2
Chamalal: -eq:e 1, -q:- 2
Tindi: -q: 2
Karata: -q: 2
Botlikh: -q:- 2
Godoberi: -q:i 2
Comments: The initial nasal in Av. (n- or m- in different dialects) is not quite clear etymologically. The original meaning of the morpheme ('behind') is preserved when it functions as an adverb; but as a locative suffix it had early (as early as Proto-Av.-And.) merged with another morpheme, PEC *-q̇_V (q.v.) and thus acquired a new meaning 'at, by, close to'. In most Andian languages this meaning is preserved until now (only in And. proper the meaning of -q:i changed: it is now confined to the plural inessive /haq̇:o-ba-q:i 'in the houses'/, and in singular is used to denote an object of verba dicendi or an inanimate ergative). The merging of *-q:i and the hypothetic *-q̇:i ( < *-q̇_V) was possible because of the phonetic affinity of the morphemes, but also because *-q:i must have also had an early additional possessive meaning ('at, by someone or smth.'), which is characteristic for most Andian languages and is observed also in the Lezgian counterpart *-q(a). Av. (cf. dialectal forms like Chad. maq) > Lak. maq, maqa 'behind'; Arch. naqa 'back (of head)'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=Vq_V
Meaning: behind; ad / post series
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The Andian evidence is in favour of reconstructing the original structure *-VCV (with changing class prefixes), but there is not enough evidence to reconstruct the precise PEC vocalism.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: -χ (-χ:-)
Meaning: suffix of the locative case (series Post)
Lak form: -χ (-χ:-)
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *qV-, *-q(a)
Meaning: 1 behind 2 suffix of a locative case (series Post)
Lezghian: -q 2; -q-an 'suffix of profession'
Tabasaran: qa 1, -q 2, prev. q-
Agul: qa 1, -q 2, prev. q-
Rutul: quʔ 1, -χ/-q 2
Tsakhur: -qa 2, -q-än 'suffix of profession'
Kryz: -χ 2
Budukh: -χ 2
Archi: χi-r 1, -χu- loc. suffix
Udi: qo-š 1
Comment: As a case marker PL *-q(a) usually denotes location behind, but can be also used as a possessive case (the same development is characteristic also for Andian parallels). Somewhat problematic is relating here the Arch. translative case in -χ-ut ('through smth.') and the comparative case in -χ-ur. See Alekseyev 1985, 54. PL *q(a)- is also used as a preverb ('back, behind': Tab., Ag., Rut., Tsakh. q-; possibly also Lezg. -χ- with the meaning of repetitiveness ('once more'), see Alekseyev 1985, 121).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: [*q:ʷa-]
Meaning: preverb post
Adyghe: q:ʷa-
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nV(x)qwV
Meaning: behind
Comments and references : NSC 60 *nVqwV, LDC 18. sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nŏk / *nŏŋ
Meaning: back
Tibetan: nog cervical vertebra; hump of a camel.
Burmese: nauk space behind, LB *snukx; ǝhnauŋʔ the back of a knife, hnauŋh be after (in time), posterior.
Lushai: hnuŋ the back.
Comments: Mikir ǝnuŋ back. Ben. 76. Cf. also Sulung *ńVk 'tail'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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