Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=ac̣- ( ~ -oc̣-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to drive, urge; to swarm (bees) 2 to reach

Avar: =ac̣- 1

Chamalal: =ac̣- 1

Tindi: =ac̣- 1

Comments: In Av. the verb also means "to forge, hit, fight", but this is most probably a fortuitous homonymy. Cf. also Cham. Gig. =az- 'to reach'. Perhaps (with old Ablaut) we should add here also Cham. =uc̣- 'to run away' (*'be driven').

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=Vc̣V

Meaning: to drive, urge

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=ac̣- ( ~ -oc̣-)

Proto-Tsezian: *=oc̣- B

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔVc̣V

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. There is a vague possibility that the root may have WC parallels (PAA *ća 'to drive', see under PNC *=āčĂn-).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *=oc̣- B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drive, urge

Tsezi: =oc̣-

Khvarshi: =ec̣- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =oc̣- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =oc̣-

Comments: PTsKh *=öc̣-; PGB *=oc̣- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =oc̣-).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔVc̣V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drive, urge; to pour, strew

Budukh: q:a=c̣-

Comment: Attested only in Bud., but having probable external parallels.

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