Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *mixʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: pay (n.)

Avar: mux

Andian language: miši (Tsertsvadze)

Karata: nixu

Comments: Av. paradigm C (muxú-l / mux-dál, múxa-l). Cf. also Kar. Anch. muxu id.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *mV̄xwV̆ ( ~ -x_-,-f-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: price, pay

Proto-Nakh: *māχ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *mixʷV

Proto-West Caucasian: *xʷV

Notes: The root behaves very similarly to PNC *maśwĔ 'price' (with the same loss of initial *mV- in a verbal root in PWC), and should be certainly reconstructed for PNC. The semantic difference between these two roots is yet to be established (in Ubykh they are opposed as 'profit, pay' : 'price'; in PAA as 'price, buy' : 'pay'). Cf. also HU: Hurr. niɣ-ari 'dowry' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 22).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *māχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: price, trade

Chechen: maχ

Ingush: maχ

Batsbi: maχ

Comments: Obl. base *māχi- (Chech. mēχa-, Ing. mäχo, Bacb. maχi-). 5th class in Chech., 6th class in Ing. and Bacb.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *xʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 price 2 to buy 3 to pay

Abkhaz: á-χʷ 1

Abaza: χʷǝ 1

Adyghe: š́a-fǝ-n 2

Kabardian: śa-xʷǝ-n 2

Ubykh: fa- 3

Comments: PAT *xʷǝ (cf. Bzyb. á-xʷ) 'price', *xʷǝ-ʕa- 'to buy' (Abkh. á-χʷħa-ra, Abaz. χʷʕa-ra); PAK *š́:a-xʷǝ- (a compound with *š́:a- 'to sell' in the first part); Ub. a-s-fá-n (cf. also a noun: fa 'profit'). In Ubykh *xʷ usually gets delabialised ( > x; Ubykh does not have a labialised xʷ); the reason why it changed to f in this case is unclear. Another solution would be to reconstruct PWC *fV ( regularly > Ub. f, PAK *xʷ) with an irregular (dialectal?) change *f > *xʷ in PAT.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ŋVxwV

Meaning: to give, borrow

North Caucasian: *mV̄xwV̆ ( ~ -x_-,-f-)

Sino-Tibetan: *ŋaH

Burushaski: *-ú-

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋaH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: borrow, lend

Tibetan: brŋa (p. brŋas) to borrow, to seize by force.

Burmese: hŋah to rent, LB *sŋax.

Comments: Cf. Tib. brńan, brńas to borrow; Rawang ŋa hire, rent, lend, Trung ŋa¹ ; Serdukpen na 'give'. Ben. 47.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-ú-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to give

Yasin: -ú-

Hunza: -ú-

Nagar: -ú-

Comments: Derived is probably uṣ `debt'.

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