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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *minʔa-r
Meaning: head
Andian language: mijar
Akhvakh: mina
Tindi: minar (Akn.)
Karata: minar (Anch., Tok.)
Comments: Cf. also And. (Gudava) mĩjari, Akhv. Tseg. mirar, Ratl. milar.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *mä̆ɦnɨ̄ (~-ū)
Meaning: brain, head
Notes: Reconstructed for PEC. Correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *min-
Meaning: occipital bone, cervical vertebra
Chechen: min-däʕaχk
Comments: (däʕaχk "bone").
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: naI
Meaning: brain
Lak form: naI
Comments: Lak. n- is probably secondary, cf. Bartkh. maI- in maI-lagan 'head is going round'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *meħa
Meaning: brain
Akusha: meħe
Chiragh: maʕ
Comments: Cf. also Ur. maħa, Kait. maʕ, Kub. mā (maʔa), Kharb. meħa.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *mahI
Meaning: 1 brain 2 marrow
Tabasaran: maʔ
Rutul: majä
Tsakhur: mahI
Archi: maj
Udi: maI
Comment: For the obl. base cf. Tsakh. mahIɨ-. 3d class in Rut., Tsakh., 4th class in Arch. A similar root exists in Turkic languages, but the possibility of borrowing is excluded (first, because the root has secure correspondences in other Dagestanian languages; second, because in Turkish and Azeri - the possible source of borrowing - the word sounds bejin).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mV́̆ɦnū ~ *nV́̆ɦmū
Meaning: brain; head
Comments and references : HGC 24, WFR 66, LV B20, LDC 17, BCD 39. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nūH / *nūk
Meaning: brain
Burmese: uh-hnauk the brain, LB *(s)-nukx.
Kachin: nuʔ3 the brain.
Comments: Trung u1-nǝ̆ʔ1; Pwo nŭʔ, Sgaw nuʔ. Ben. 144, 150; Mat. 201. Here probably also: Mikir nu, Karen *noŋ.1B 'horn'. Cf. PAN (Form.) *punuq 'brain' (Sag. 2; probably < ST).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 腦
Modern (Beijing) reading: nǎo
Preclassic Old Chinese: nūʔ (~ -āwʔ)
Classic Old Chinese: nū́
Western Han Chinese: nǝ̄́w
Eastern Han Chinese: nǝ̄́w
Early Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄́w
Middle Postclassic Chinese: nā́w
Late Postclassic Chinese: nā́w
Middle Chinese: nấw
English meaning : brain [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) голова; 2) мозги; 3) рассудок, ум
Comments: For *n- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Jianou nau3, Fuzhou nɔ3.
Radical: 130
Four-angle index: 1910
Vietnamese reading: não
Jianchuan Bai: no1
Dali Bai: nü1-
Bijiang Bai: nü1-
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1702
Character: 腦
MC description : 效開一上皓泥
ZIHUI: 5207 1322
Beijing: nau 2
Jinan: nɔ 2
Xi'an: nau 2
Taiyuan: nau 2
Hankou: nau 2
Chengdu: nau 2
Yangzhou: nɔ 2
Suzhou: nä 32
Wenzhou: nз 22
Changsha: nau 2
Shuangfeng: nǝ 2
Nanchang: lau 2
Meixian: nau 2
Guangzhou: nou 22
Xiamen: lo 2 (lit.); naũ 2
Chaozhou: nau 21
Fuzhou: nɔ 2
Shanghai: nɔ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: nau 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *dɔʔŋ
Meaning: brain
Ket: dɔʔŋ / dōŋ
Yug: dɔʔŋ
Kottish: -naŋ in kō-naŋ 'brain'
Comments: ССЕ 223. Werner 1, 206. There also exists a common Yenisseian compound *goʔ-nɔʔŋ 'brain' (for the first part see *goʔ), where we have -n- - obviously original (with *n- > *d- later). Cf. the above Kott. word = Ket. (Werner 1, 440) kóńeŋ 'Knochenmark aus mehreren Knochen'. The same second component *-nɔʔŋ is also reflected in Yug kʌ́jga-nɨŋ 'head brain' (with secondary singulative back-formation kʌ́jgan), see Werner 1, 460, 461.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *mune
Meaning: 1 marrow 2 pith 3 brain 4 sap 5 germ, sprout
Bizkaian: muin, muiñ, min 5
Gipuzkoan: muin, muiñ, mun 1, 4
High Navarrese: muin, muiñ 1, 3, 4
Low Navarrese: muin 1, 3, (Garazi) mun 1, 2
Salazarese: muin 1, 2
Lapurdian: muin, mun 1, 4
Baztanese: muiñ 1, 2, 3
Comments: Per Mitxelena (1961) and Trask (1995) this word and *hune (q.v.) are "regional variants" of the same word, and suggest Schuchardt's derivation from Lat. fune- 'rope'. Since both words can coexist in the same dialect (e.g., BZK un 'marrow, pith' vs. muin 'germ, sprout'; SAL un-ak 'brains' vs. muña 'marrow, pith') we think the words are of distinct origin (PSC*hwĭʔnV, *mV̆́ɦnū, resp.), but there has been phonetic and semantic blending.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : MVNV
Meaning : brain
Afroasiatic : *mVn- 'forehead' (East Cush., ? Central Chad.)
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-bòŋgó 'brain'?
Reference : ND 1425 (partially). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *mVŋV
Meaning: brain
References: ND 1446 reconstructs *mAnṭV 'jaw, skull, chin' based on Drav. and IE *ment-, but Drav. is closer semantically to PA (for IE *ment- see *mVńV-). The position of Sam. *munt/coy- 'beard' is unclear (perhaps unrelated to any of the roots). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *màjŋì
Meaning: temple, forehead, ear
Russian meaning: висок, лоб, ухо
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bejŋi
Meaning: brain
Russian meaning: мозг; вместилище разума
Old Turkic: meji, meŋi (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: meŋi (MK, KB) Turkish: bejin
Tatar: mi
Uzbek: mija
Uighur: miŋä
Azerbaidzhan: bejin
Turkmen: bejni, mejni
Khakassian: mī
Shor: mī-s
Oyrat: mē
Halaj: mein
Chuvash: mimǝ
Yakut: mejī
Dolgan: meńī 'head'
Tuva: mē
Tofalar: mǟ
Kirghiz: mē
Kazakh: mɨj
Noghai: mɨj
Bashkir: meje
Balkar: mije
Karaim: miji
Karakalpak: mij
Kumyk: miji
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *maŋlai
Meaning: forehead
Russian meaning: лоб
Written Mongolian: maŋlai, maŋnai (L 527) Middle Mongolian: maŋlai (HY 45, SH), man Khalkha: maŋlai, magnaj
Buriat: manlaj, magnaj
Kalmuck: maŋnǟ
Ordos: mǟŋlǟ, maŋnǟ
Dongxian: manlǝu
Shary-Yoghur: maŋlī
Monguor: maŋlī (SM 232), manlǝi monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *mìmì
Meaning: ear
Russian meaning: ухо
Old Japanese: mjimji
Middle Japanese: mìmì
Tokyo: mimí
Kyoto: mímì
Kagoshima: mimí ( = míŃ)
Nase: mìŃ
Shuri: mímí
Hateruma: mìši_̀kùrùmíN
Yonakuni: mìn-tàFù; mìmbùrù 'head'
Comments: JLTT 478. Cf. Yon. mìmbùrù 'head'. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *manḍ- (?)
Meaning : 1 bowl, jar 2 skull, head
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *manḍ-ai
Meaning : bowl; skull, head
Tamil : maṇṭai
Tamil meaning : mendicant's begging bowl, earthen vessel, head, skull, cranium, brainpan, top portion as of palms, a standard of measure
Malayalam : maṇṭa
Malayalam meaning : skull; similar objects
Kannada : maṇḍe
Kannada meaning : head
Kannada derivates : (Hav.) maṇḍage a big jar
Kodagu : maṇḍe
Kodagu meaning : head
Tulu : maṇḍè
Tulu meaning : large earthen vessel, skull, head
Miscellaneous : KOR (M) maṇḍa, (O, T) manḍe head
Number in DED : 4682
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *manḍä
Meaning : head
Kota : maṇḍ
Toda : maḍ
Number in DED : 4682
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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