Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *gʷi(r)žV~ *gi(r)žʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fang, canine tooth 2 molar 3 pestle

Avar: gožó 1

Andian language: guži 2

Akhvakh: goržo 1 (Tseg.)

Chamalal: gožu 3 (Gig.)

Tindi: kožu

Karata: goža / gʷaža (Tok.)

Comments: Av. paradigm B (pl. gažá-l). An Av. loanword is And. gožo 'fang' (a doublet with guži) and perhaps also Akhv. North. gožo, Kar. gožo. Since *g- is obviously the original Anlaut (cf. the external evidence), we must admit that in Tind. and Cham. (U.-Gakv.) koža there occurred a rather unusual dissimilation *g- > k-. Quite strange is Av. Chad. gánža (paradigm A: gánži-l, gánža-l) - a Darg. loanword?

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *gǝlǯwē

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fang, canine tooth

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *gʷi(r)žV~ *gi(r)žʷV

Proto-Tsezian: *gɔ̃žu A (~ -ž:-)

Proto-Lak: k:arč:i

Proto-Dargwa: *k:anži

Proto-Lezghian: *k:ʷalč: (~-r-)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are more or less regular (although there occurred some assimilations usual for roots of this type). We must reconstruct some medial liquid, and it is most probably *-l- (this conforms with PA, PTs, Lak and PL reflexes; however, PD has an unexpected -n- - probably due to the influence of PD *ḳinč̣ 'gum' q.v.). Darg. > Arch. gaInži 'molar'.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *gɔ̃žu A (~ -ž:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fang, canine tooth 2 molar

Tsezi: gožu 2

Khvarshi: gožu (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: gäžo 1

Gunzib: gɔ̃žu 1

Comments: PTsKh *gožu; PGB *gɔ̃žu. Note that Gin. gažu 'molar' probably < Bezht., and Inkh. kožu 'canine tooth' < Tind.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: k:arč:i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tooth

Lak form: k:arč:i

Comments: 4th class, obl. base k:arč:u-. Cf. Khosr. k:ʷarč:i.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *k:anži

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fang, canine tooth 2 gum

Akusha: ganži (cula) 1

Chiragh: ɣanže 2

Comments: The Chir. form goes back to a variant *ganži. Cf. also Ur. ganǯi, Kub. k:anže, Tsud. k:anč:i (from a variant *k:anč:i).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *k:ʷalč: (~-r-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: prong (of a rake)

Agul: gʷarž

Comment: Isolated within Lezghian, but having good external parallels.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kVrǯwV

Meaning: tooth, fang

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *gǝlǯwē (?? = *kǝrǯwē)

Basque: *hor̄c

Comments and references : BCD 19.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *horc

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 tooth (incisor), teeth (general) 2 set of teeth

Gipuzkoan: ortz 2, ortzagin 2

High Navarrese: ortz 1, ortzagin 2

Low Navarrese: hortz 1, ortzagin 2

Lapurdian: hortz, hortx 1, ortzagin 2, (Ainhoa) ortx 1

Zuberoan: hortz, hortx 1, ortzagin 2

Roncalese: ortz 1, ortzagin 2, (Uztárroz) ortx 1

Comments: The palatal variants hortx, ortx are used in speaking to children ("voc. puer." per Azkue). See also Bsq *hagin and *le-t-hagin.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVRCV

Meaning : tooth, fang

Sino-Caucasian : *kVrǯwV

Notes : So far attested only in SC.

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