Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *HabuḳV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: burdock

Avar: ʕabúḳ

Comments: Av. paradigm C (ʕabḳí-l, ʕábḳa-l).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʕapālq̇wĔ(~ *ɦ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: burdock; leaf

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *HabuḳV

Proto-Tsezian: *ʕemuq̇(a)

Proto-Dargwa: *heq̇ul(i)

Proto-Lezghian: *palq̇Iʷ

Proto-West Caucasian: *p:ǝǴǝ (~*b-)

Notes: In Av. the voiced -b- is obviously secondary (a normal result of *-p- > *-ṗ- /before a glottalised stop/ > -b-). Otherwise the correspondences are regular (*-l- disappearing in cluster in Av. and yielding nasalisation in PTs). The PD form probably comes from *hepq̇ul(i) with reduction of the medial vowel and cluster simplification.

    There are some doubts whether the WC form belongs here (in this case a usual delabialisation *-Gʷ- > *-G- after a labial should be assumed) or to another root (*panG_VlhV 'leaf; bark' q.v.) - both possibilities should be considered.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʕemuq̇(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: burdock

Tsezi: ħimuq̇a

Bezhta: emuq̇

Gunzib: emuq̇

Comments: PGB *ʔemuq̇. In Tsez. one would rather expect ʕ-; reasons for devoicing the laryngeal are not quite clear.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *heq̇ul(i)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: burdock

Akusha: haq̇ule

Chiragh: ħeq̇ul

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *palq̇Iʷ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: burdock

Lezghian: penq̇ʷ

Tabasaran: parq̇Iʷ

Agul: parq̇Iʷ

Rutul: paq̇Iʷal (Khnov.)

Tsakhur: panq̇Iale (Gelm.)

Budukh: peq̇

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Kand. palq̇Iʷ 'young burdock', Düb. pilq̇i - these forms clearly demonstrate the original quality of the Inlaut resonant. The Rut. and Tsakh. forms reveal a partial contamination with PL *parq̇:ul: q.v. 3d class in Rut., Tsakh. and Bud.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *p:ǝǴǝ (~*b-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 leaf 2 to open (of leaves)

Abkhaz: a-bʁ́ǝ́ 1

Abaza: bʁ́ǝ 1

Ubykh: bʁ́ǝ- 2

Comments: PAT *bǝɣ́ǝ; Ub. 3d sing. a-bʁ́ǝ́-n.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʕapālxq̇wĔ́

Meaning: leaf

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ʕapālq̇wĔ(~ *ɦ-)

Sino-Tibetan: *phak ( ~ bh-)

Burushaski: *bilágur

Comments and references : [Or else Hun. hapák `tamarisk']

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *phak ( ~ bh-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leaf

Burmese: phak leaf (of tree), LB *phakx.

Kachin: phaʔ²-lap² tea, tea-leaf.

Kiranti: *phǝ̀k

Comments: PG paC^L leaf; Waling suŋ-phak, Yakha sum-phak, Balali siŋ-bak leaf. Ben. 23; Mat. 202.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *phǝ̀k (/*ʔp-)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: leaf

Sunwar: sa-pha

Kaling: pho

Limbu: phekwā

Dumi: pho

Kulung: bɔwa, sī-bɔ

Yamphu: aʔwa

Comments: Khaling sa-phɔ-m 'leaf' has a not quite clear -m (contamination with sɔphu-lem 'dry leaf' ?)

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: phɛkwa

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: foliage.

Derivation: [< phɛkmaʔ unfold]

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: pho

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: leaf, blade (of a leaf)

Nepali: pāto, pāt

Comments: cf. so:pho.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: bɔwa

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: leaf, petal of a flower

Nepali: pāt.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: aʔwa

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: leaf of a plant.

Nepali: pāt

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *bilágur

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: a k. of weed

Hunza: bilágur

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVLKV

Meaning : leaf

Sino-Caucasian : *ʕapālxq̇wĔ́

Austric : PAN *paqpaq, *palaqpaq 'midrib of coconut leaf'

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