Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ħabara

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: worm

Avar: ħapára

Andian language: habara (Khaidakov)

Comments: Av. paradigm C (ħapára-dul / ħarpí-l, ħúrpu-l). Reasons for devoicing in Av. are not quite clear.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦabarV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: worm

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ħabara

Proto-Lezghian: *ħap:ara(j)

Notes: An Av.-And.-Lezg. isogloss.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ħap:ara(j)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: worm

Tsakhur: aIbra-wuč̣e

Comment: An isolated Tsakh. compound (with unclear second part), but with rather probable external parallels.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦaṗárV ( ~ -b-)

Meaning: a k. of worm

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ɦabarV

Sino-Tibetan: *p(j)VrH ( ~ *b-)

Basque: *ha[m](a)r̄

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *p(j)VrH ( ~ *b-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a crop-damaging insect

Chinese: 蜚 *pǝjʔ, *bǝjʔ-s an evil-smelling insect wich damages crops.

Tibetan: sbur beetle, ant.

Burmese: pjaʔ a common name for crop-damaging insects and small tree bugs.

Lepcha: tă-fŭr a spec. of beetle

Kiranti: *ber, *ber-mä

Chinese characters :

Character: 蜚

Modern (Beijing) reading: fěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: pǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: pwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ́j

Middle Chinese: pwɨ́j

English meaning : an evil-smelling insect wich damages crops

Russian meaning[s]: 1) летучие вредители риса (насекомые); 2) кузнечик; [fēi] летать, вм. 飛

Comments: Also read *bǝjʔ-s, MC bwɨ̀j id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 142

Four-angle index: 8738

Karlgren code: 0579 r

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *ber, *ber-mä

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: a k. of insect (butterfly, dragonfly, caterpillar)

Tulung: be-phermu, -pherma butterfly

Kaling: sam-bermä caterpillar, ku-berme dragonfly (? what is the relation of the 2d part in bebüläm butterfly?)

Limbu: -phe in cirāphe butterfly (for the first part cf. cirippā sp. of small grasshopper) (?)

Comments: Cf. also T (namdi) burwa variety of cricket; *bep-. Toba 88 *bebuläm.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: cila:pphe:pma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: butterfly

Derivation: [< lap wing]

Comments: cf. haNma.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *ha[m]ar̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: worm

Bizkaian: aar, (arc) haar

Gipuzkoan: ar

High Navarrese: ar

Low Navarrese: har

Lapurdian: har

Zuberoan: har

Roncalese: ãr

Comments: haar was an Old BZK recording from 1596 (Michelena 1961: 114). Evidence for nasal only in RNC. Words for worms, snakes, lizards often show irregular reflexes: cf. *linda(ra), *śuśker̄ 'lizard', *erluli 'salamander'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVRV

Meaning : worm

Eurasiatic : *ṗäri

Afroasiatic : *p/far- (?) (cf. also *firut- (?) )

Sino-Caucasian : *ɦaṗárV ( ~ -b-)

Amerind (misc.) : *piru (? -l-?) 'snake; worm' (R 662)

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗäri

Meaning: worm

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *p`i̯ári

Uralic: *perkV (*perkkV)

Dravidian: *puṛ-

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`i̯ári

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of worm

Russian meaning: вид червя

Mongolian: *(h)irukai

Tungus-Manchu: *piaru

Korean: *pǝ̀r-

Japanese: *pìrû

Comments: SKE 198, АПиПЯЯ 297.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)irukai

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: caterpillar

Russian meaning: гусеница

Written Mongolian: iruqai (МХТТТ)

Khalkha: jarxai

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *piaru

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 worm (in meat) 2 moth 3 beetle

Russian meaning: 1 червь (в мясе) 2 моль 3 жук

Literary Manchu: f́aru 1

Ulcha: piru(n) 2

Orok: paraụ 3

Nanai: pịro, fịaro 2

Udighe: päu 3

Comments: ТМС 2, 37.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pǝ̀r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: worm, insect

Russian meaning: червь, насекомое

Modern Korean: pǝlle

Middle Korean: pǝ̀r'ǝi

Comments: Nam 256, KED 766.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pìrû

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: water leech

Russian meaning: пиявка

Old Japanese: p(j)iru

Middle Japanese: fìrú

Tokyo: híru

Kyoto: hìrû

Kagoshima: hirú

Comments: JLTT 408.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 759

Proto: *perkV (*perkkV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: worm

German meaning: Wurm

Komi (Zyrian): perk (I) 'Filz-, Schamlaus; Phthirius pubis'

Mansi (Vogul): pērk (P LU LO) 'Bauchwurm; Wurm (im Fleisch); Angelwurm'

Hungarian: férëg (acc. férget) 'Wurm, Insekt; (dial.) allerlei schädliche Tiere'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *puẓ-

Meaning : worm, insect

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *puẓ-

Proto-Telugu : *pur-g-/*pru-gg-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *puṛ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *puṛ-ɣ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *poc-g-/-r-

Brahui : pū

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *puẓ-

Meaning : worm; insect

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : puẓu

Tamil meaning : worm, maggot

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to breed worms, be worthless (as a worm-eaten thing); puẓuppu breeding of worms

Malayalam : puẓu

Malayalam meaning : worm, caterpillar, maggot, grub, moth, mite

Malayalam derivates : puẓukka to be eaten or infected by worms, putrefy, rot

Kannada : puẓu, puẓa

Kannada meaning : worm, insect in general, snake

Kannada derivates : puẓi to be eaten or infected by worms, get worm-eaten, putrefy; puẓicil rottenness, cariousness; puẓuku that is eaten by vermin, state of being worm-eaten or decayed, ulcer, sore; purcu ruin, wickedness

Kodagu : puḷu

Kodagu meaning : worm

Kodagu derivates : puŋg- (puŋgi-) (meat) becomes slightly decomposed, (sore) festers a little

Tulu : puri

Tulu meaning : worm, mite, moth, skin parasite

Tulu derivates : pura, puru snail; purigaṇṭụ anything eaten or perforated by worms, worm-eaten; purkuni to rot, decay, become putrid; purŋguni, puruŋguni to ferment, decompose, decay; purŋgelụ fermented, decayed, mouldy; purŋgaṭụ id.; fermentation, decay; puppi, puppu decay, rottenness

Proto-Nilgiri : *puṛ

Number in DED : 4312

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *puṛ

Meaning : worm

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : pū "worm, maggot"

Toda : puf "worm, intestinal worm"

Additional forms : Also Toda ū worm in skin, brain, or body (not intestinal) (< Badaga hū́; Emeneau, Language, 15.45); poṛy stink of a corpse (or with 3999)

Number in DED : 4312

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *pur-g-/*pru-gg-

Meaning : worm, any insect or reptile, snake

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : purugu

Dialectal forms (1) : purgu

Dialectal forms (2) : puruvu

Dialectal forms (3) : purvu

Dialectal forms (4) : pruvvu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : pruŋguḍu "leucoderma"

Additional forms : Also [1] pruccu, [2] puccu to rot, be putrefied, decay; [1] pruppi, [2] puppi rottenness, decay

Number in DED : 4312

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *puṛ-

Meaning : worm, insect

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : purre "worm"

Naikri : purre "worm"

Naiki : pur(r)e

Parji : puṛut (pl. puṛtil) "worm"

Salur Gadba : puḍut "insect"

Number in DED : 4312

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *puṛ-ɣ-

Meaning : worm, insect

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *puṛ-i

Konda : piṛiyu (pl. piṛku)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *pṛī

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *piṛ-ɣu

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *puṛ-i

Meaning : worm; insect

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : puṛī (pl. puṛk) "worm, insect"

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : puṛi "worm, insect"

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : puṛī, purī "worm"

Muria Gondi : puṛi, puṛuy (pl. puṛk) "worm"

Chindwara Gondi : puṛi (pl. puṛk) "worm"

Adilabad Gondi : puṛi (pl. puṛk) "worm"

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Tr puṛītānā, Gondi_Mu puṛ- to breed worms; Gondi_Ch puṛi- to be worm-eaten

Number in DED : 4312

Number in CVOTGD : 2311, 2316

Konda etymology :

Konda : piṛiyu (pl. piṛku)

Meaning: snail

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : piṛi (pl. piṛku)

Additional forms : Also Konda piṛvu (pl. piṛku), Konda_BB piṛu worm

Number in DED : 4312

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *pṛī

Meaning : worm, insect

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : pṛī (pl. pṛiku)

Number in DED : 4312

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *piṛ-ju

Meaning : a k. of worm, insect

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : pṛiu, pṛīu (pl. pṛīka), piṛu (pl. piṛka) "wingless insect, worm, maggot"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : prīyūli (pl. prīka) "caterpillar"

Kuwi (Schulze) : pliguli "insect"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : pṛiyuli (pl. pṛīka) "worm"

Kuwi (Israel) : pṛiyuli (pl. pṛīka) "worm"

Additional forms : Also Kui_S plīginai to infest

Notes : For a similar development see *kirju.

Number in DED : 4312

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *poc-g-/-r-

Meaning : worm, caterpillar, fleshy larva, esp. of beetle

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : pocgō

Malto : pocru

Additional forms : Also KUR poccnā (puccyas) to engender worms (as a wound, rotten cheese, etc.); rot, fester; MLT posg̣o weevil.

Number in DED : 4312

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : pū

Meaning : worm, maggot, caterpillar

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Additional forms : Also BRA pul-mak/k/ī tapeworm

Number in DED : 4312

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *p/far- (?)

Meaning: insect

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *pur-pūr- 'butterfly'

Western Chadic: *far- 'locust'

Notes: Scarce data.

Semitic etymology :

Number: 227

Proto-Semitic: *pur-pūr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'butterfly'

Arabic: furfūr-

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *far-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'locust'

Hausa: fā̀rā

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