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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=aʔV
Meaning: 1 face 2 edge 3 sharp
Avar: beʕ 1,raʕ-ál 2
Chadakolob: raʕá-l 2
Andian language: lel 2
Akhvakh: =aʕa-da-be 3
Chamalal: baj 1
Tindi: bā 1
Karata: baʕa 1, reʕil 2
Botlikh: baj 2
Bagvalal: baʕa 1
Comments: One of the roots with (historically) changing class prefixes. Note that the formation with the inanimate prefix *r- is usually accompanied by the suffix *-Vl (*r-aʔV-l > Av. raʕál, And. lel ( < *r-aʔil), Kar. reʕil (but cf. also Kar. Anch. raʔa-ʎa id.). The Andi word also means 'mountain'. The same root serves as stem for the adjective "sharp" *-aʔV(-rV) > Av. -eʕéra-, And. -ari, Akhv. -aʕa-da-be (Tseg., Tlan. -aʕa-, Ratl. -eʔa-da-). Av. raʕal > And. rahal, Bezht. (Khosh., Tlad.) räʕäl, Gunz. raʕal 'edge'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ăɦwV
Meaning: edge, point; face
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=aʔV Notes: One of several PEC nouns with changing class prefixes. It also served as the root of PEC *=ăʕwV- (often with suffixes *-ăʕwV-rV- or *-ăʕwV-lV-) 'sharp' ( > PN *ʕi-ri-, Av. -eʕé-ra-, PA *-aʔV(-rV)-, Lak. =ajiI-l-, PL *ħV-rV-). Cf. also HU: Hurr. awǝ, ajǝ 'face, front', Urart. ajǝ 'before' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 64; we must add that the HU root can actually reflect a merger of PEC *=ăɦwV 'face' and *ʔwɨ- 'before, in front' q.v.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *=uħ
Meaning: 1 face 2 edge,blade 3 end 4 beginning
Chechen: jüħ 1,3
Ingush: juħ 1, duħ 4
Batsbi: juħ 1, duħ 2
Comments: In Chech. cf. also -üħ-ig 'end' (with changing class prefixes). In Bacb. the root is present also in the compound joħ-koṭŏ, doħ-koṭŏ 'face' and in adverbs -ujħ-ṭeχ (with changing class prefixes) 'face down', dujħrẽ 'at first' and juħal 'on the other side (of a river, ravine)'. The same root served as stem in the derivate *ɦi-ri-n ( < *-uHi-ri-n) 'sharp' > Chech., Ing. ira, Bacb. ʕirĩ.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *r-ɨʔV (~-i-)
Meaning: blade (of axe, knife)
Bezhta: jiʔo
Comments: Attested only in Bezht. (cf. also Tlad. =iʔo-ro "sharp"), but having good external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: =ajiI-l-
Meaning: pointed, sharp
Lak form: =ajiIl-s:a
Comments: Lak. must have possessed also the noun =aj 'edge, beginning', which is preserved within a compound verb =aj=iši-n 'to begin' (= "to put a beginning"), as well as in an old Archi loanword bej '(somebody's) turn'. From Lak. the compound expression "to begin" was borrowed into Archi (bej-eʎ:as) and Avar (bajbixi-ze), whence - into Andian languages (Tind., Cham. bajbix- etc.). Darg. =eħ=ix-es 'to begin' should be regarded as a loan-translation.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=aħ
Meaning: face
Akusha: =aIħ
Chiragh: daI
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =aIħ, Kub. =aIj, Tsud. =aIħ 'face'. It is hard to separate from this root several other words (probably we deal with not very accurate recordings or old interdialectal borrowings): Ak. beħ 'edge', baIħ 'edge, blade; slope', Ur. baħ 'sharp edge', Chir. baʕ id., baʔ 'summit'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ħV-rV-
Meaning: sharp
Agul: ħa-re-f
Comment: Isolated in Ag., but having probable external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ăɦwV
Meaning: face, edge
Comments and references : The Bur. forms may belong here if -rV is suffixed (cf. *=ăɦwV-rV in NC).
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *jɨ
Meaning: face
Lushai: KC *yu face.
Comments: Rgyarung -yo id. Sh. 42. Cf. perhaps Tani: Padam a-yo, Apatani àl-yo 'bark', Sema Naga asɨ-ko-za id.?
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 頤
Modern (Beijing) reading: yí
Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝ
Classic Old Chinese: lǝ
Western Han Chinese: lǝ
Eastern Han Chinese: źǝ
Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨ
Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨ
Middle Chinese: jɨ
English meaning : chin
Russian meaning[s]: 1) подбородок; челюсти; 2) вскармливать, подкормить(ся); выращивать; 3) древн. восклицательная частица; 4) И (фамилия)
Comments: Also used for a homonymous *lǝ 'to nourish'.
Radical: 181
Four-angle index: 8071
Karlgren code: 0960 c
Go-on: i
Kan-on: i
Japanese reading: i;otogai;ago;yashinau
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *jó[l]i (?)
Meaning: chin
Sunwar: 'jojli
Tulung: joʒi
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-yam,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: yabuk
Grammar: n.
Meaning: 1) mouth; 2) opening, entrance.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-úrV / *hVrV́
Meaning: 1 top (of mountain), comb, crest 2 edge 3 sharp
Yasin: úri 1, héreṣ 2, heréṣum 3
Hunza: -úri 1, hirúm 3
Nagar: -úri 1, hirím 3
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVHV
Meaning : face
Afroasiatic : ? SCush *ʔVʔV 'ear'
Austric : PAN *away 'face'; ?? Thai *hu 'ear'
Amerind (misc.) : *yuh 'chin; face' (R 595) globet-meaning,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,
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