Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *t:aq:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cock

Adyghe: ātāq:a

Kabardian: ādāq:a

Ubykh: táqa

Comments: PAK *at:aq:á. Ub. has t- instead of the expected d- under the influence of the Ad. form; a direct loan from Ad. is less probable.

    Shagirov (1, 56) analyses the first part of the PAK form as *at:á 'father', which is unacceptable because of external parallels and the obscure character of the component *-q:a (it is, however, possible that the prothesis *a- appeared in PAK under the influence of this root).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *dV̄G_(w)V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cock

Proto-Dargwa: *t:aʁʷa

Proto-West Caucasian: *t:aq:a

Notes: A Darg.-WC isogloss (see Mészarós 1934, 271, Abdokov 1983, 117). Phonetically and semantically quite plausible, thus the PNC antiquity is possible. But a similar root exists in Altaic (Turkic *takɨku / *tagɨku 'hen, cock', Mong. takija etc.), and an early loan is not excluded (note an obvious late loan: Darg. Tsud. t:awqa which stands quite apart from all other Darg. forms < Turkish tavuq).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *t:aʁʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cock

Akusha: daʁa

Chiragh: t:aʁu

Comments: Cf. also Ur. daʁʷa, Kub. t:aʁʷa etc.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dV̄́G(w)V̄

Meaning: cock

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *dV̄G_(w)V

Sino-Tibetan: *dhŏŋ ?

Yenisseian: *tɔ̄q

Comments and references : HGC 28.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dhŏŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crest (of bird), feathers

Tibetan: mdoŋs the eye in a peacock's feather; white spot on the forehead of a horse.

Burmese: uʔ-dauŋh peacock ( > Jnp. u-toŋ¹ id.).

Kachin: duŋ-kuŋ crest (Sh.).

Lushai: KC *duŋ crest.

Comments: Sh. 410; Ben. 73; Mat. 179. Cf. also the Tani root for 'bird, feather' *pǝ-taŋ, *kǝ-taŋ.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *tɔ̄q

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of duck

Ket: tɔ:ʁǝ⁴, South. tɔʁ⁴; pl. tōʁɨń¹ 'a k. of duck (гоголь)'

Yug: tɔ:^hx, pl. tɔxɨn⁵ id.

Kottish: althax, pl. althagan, althakŋ "Quakerente (Anas clangula)"

Comments: ССЕ 287. Werner 2, 276 <*t^hoʔǝqǝ>.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVKV

Meaning : a k. of duck or hen

Eurasiatic : *ṭVḳV

Sino-Caucasian : *dV̄́G(w)V

Austric : *tVk

Amerind (misc.) : ?? *tuku 'owl' (R 536); rather *takaka 'quail' (R 563)

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭVḳV

Meaning: a k. of duck

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *t`i̯àk`à

Uralic: *tokta

Eskimo-Aleut: *tǝki-ja-

Comments: Cf. Ainu *tikap 'bird'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯àk`à

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: hen; duck

Russian meaning: курица; утка

Turkic: *tiakɨgu (/ -ŋu)

Mongolian: *takija

Tungus-Manchu: *tiaku

Japanese: *tàkà(m)pái

Comments: KW 375, Владимирцов 206, Мудрак Дисс. 199-200. Despite Щербак 1997, 152, not borrowed in Mong. < Turk. Doerfer's (TMN 2, 443-444) criticism is also hardly substantial.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *tiakɨgu (/ -ŋu)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hen, fowl

Russian meaning: курица

Old Turkic: taqɨɣu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: taqaɣu (MK)

Turkish: tavuk

Tatar: tawɨq

Middle Turkic: taɣuq, tawuq (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tɔwuq

Uighur: toxa, toxu

Sary-Yughur: taqaɣɨ

Azerbaidzhan: tojuG

Turkmen: towuq

Khakassian: taɣax, taŋax

Oyrat: taqā

Chuvash: čъxъ

Tuva: da'ɣā

Tofalar: taqqɨńaq (perhaps < Mong.)

Kirghiz: tōk

Kazakh: tawɨq

Noghai: tawɨq

Bashkir: tawɨq

Balkar: tawuq

Gagauz: tauq

Karaim: tawuq

Karakalpak: tawɨq

Salar: tox (Kakuk)

Kumyk: tawuq

Comments: VEWT 457, EDT 468, TMN 2, 441-442, Егоров 321. Turk. > Hung. tyúk, see Gombocz 1912.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *takija

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hen

Russian meaning: курица

Written Mongolian: takija(n) (L 770)

Middle Mongolian: takija (HY 13, SH), taqija (LH), taɣaqū (Lig.VMI)

Khalkha: tax́ā

Buriat: tax́ā

Kalmuck: takā(n)

Ordos: daχā

Dongxian: tɨGa, (Тод. Дн.) tɨqa

Baoan: tǝχa, (Тод. Бн.) texa

Shary-Yoghur: daqa, daχGa

Monguor: taGau

Comments: KW 375, MGCD 628.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tiaku

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hen 2 quail

Russian meaning: 1 курица 2 куропатка

Even: tǟqčaqa 2

Spoken Manchu: čoqō 'chicken' (2198)

Literary Manchu: čoqo 1

Jurchen: tixo (161) 1

Nanai: čịqo 1

Oroch: čoko 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 172, 403.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tàkà(m)pái

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: teal, duckling

Russian meaning: чирок, утенок

Old Japanese: takabe

Middle Japanese: tàkàbé

Comments: JLTT 538.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1076

Proto: *tokta

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: diver, a k. of duck

German meaning: Taucher, Seetaucher; Colymbus arcticus

Finnish: tohtaja, tohtava 'Winterente; Colymbus arcticus, Fuligula glacialis' ? (possibly < Saam.; > Saam. Suj. toHtaja)

Estonian: dǫvtâ -k'tâg- (N) 'black-throated diver; Colymbus arcticus', tovt (gen. toχteɣ) (T Kld.), toχtiɣ (Not.) 'Tauchervogel'

Mari (Cheremis): toktǝ̑-lŭδŭ 'Seetaucher; Columbus arcticus'

Komi (Zyrian): tokti̮ (Ud.)

Khanty (Ostyak): tăɣtaŋ (V), taχtǝŋ (DN) 'colymbus'

Mansi (Vogul): tɛ̮tkā (TJ), tāχt (KU), takt (P), tāɣt (So.) 'Colymbus arcticus'

Sammalahti's version: *ti6ktV

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *tǝki-ja-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: tern (arctic bird)

Russian meaning: полярная крачка

Proto-Yupik: *tǝki-ja-

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *tǝki-ja-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: tern (arctic bird)

Russian Meaning: полярная крачка

Chaplino: tǝkǝ́jiʁaq

Koniag (AAY): AP tǝkijaq

Central Alaskan Yupik: tǝkijāʁ(aq)

Egegik (Peripheral): Y tǝqiʁajuli

Norton Sound (Peripheral): tǝqǝɫquajaq

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 339

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *tVk

Meaning: bird

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *tɔ:k / *t[a]k

Austroasiatic meaning: bird

Proto-Austronesian: *itik

Austronesian meaning: duck

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *tɔ:k / *t[a]k

Meaning: bird

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: EK *tɔ:k

Khmer: trǝṭɔk

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *tɔ:k

Meaning: k. o. bird

Presyllable: ʔǝ- / #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-East Katuic: *tɔ:k

References: 0

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *tɔ:k

Meaning: k. o. bird

Presyllable: ʔǝ- / #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Lao Katu: ʔatɔ:k

Lao Katu meaning: bird with a bad spirit

Katu dialects (1): catu:k E?

Katu dialects (2): tɔ:k

Katu meaning: pigeon

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