Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *dA

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 big 2 most, at all 3 much, very

Abkhaz: a-dú 1

Abaza: du 1

Adyghe: dad 2

Kabardian: dǝda 2

Ubykh: ja-dá 3

Comments: PAT *dǝ-wǝ (cf. also *da-ra 'very' > Abkh. dā́ra /with emphatic vowel length/, Abaz. dara). PAK *dǝ́-da / *dá-dǝ (a reduplicated form).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: WC *dA

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big

Proto-West Caucasian: *dA

Notes: Reconstructed for the PWC level. Correspondences are regular.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dV́HV

Meaning: to grow, big

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: PWC *dV 'very, much'

Sino-Tibetan: *tajH

Yenisseian: *tɨʔj-

Comments and references : HGC 18.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tajH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big, much

Chinese: 多 *tāj much, many, 哆 *thajʔ, *thiajʔ, *trājʔ, *thrājʔ be great.

Tibetan: mthe-bo thumb (?)

Burmese: taj very; tǝiʔ sign of the plural.

Kachin: theʔ² and.

Lushai: teʔ ( < *teiʔ ?) much, very much; -te suffix denoting plurality.

Lepcha: tí, tɨ́-m 1 to be great,to be large, to be big 2 to be grand, to be noble 3 express comparative and superlative degree "better, greater, higher, much, very"; the great, the high, the upper etc.

Kiranti: *dV

Comments: Mikir the big; Rawang thɛ; Gurung tha' great. Ben. 66. Cf. Miju-Geman kɨ-tai, Naga *kǝd(a)i, Trung *thVi, Jiarong (kǝ)kte 'big'. Cf. also *tă 'all', *[d]ā 'thick' (with some confusion).

Chinese characters :

Character: 多

Modern (Beijing) reading: duō duó

Preclassic Old Chinese: tāj

Classic Old Chinese: tāj

Western Han Chinese: tāj

Eastern Han Chinese: tǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: tā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tā

Late Postclassic Chinese: tā

Middle Chinese: tâ

Fanqie: 德阿

Rhyme class: 歌

English meaning : be much, many, all the...

Russian meaning[s]: 1) много; многочисленный; 2) прибавиться, увеличиться; быть в излишке; 3) в большинстве, большей частью; очень; 4) количество; величина, цифра; 5) свыше, более, с лишним; 6) одобрять, хвалить; 7) только; 8) До (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 重也. 從重夕. 夕者相繹也. 故為多. 重夕為多. 重日為疊. 凡多之屬皆從多.

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Viet. colloquial dày, d_ìa 'many'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 36

Four-angle index: 4157

Karlgren code: 0003 a-c

Vietnamese reading: d_a

Jianchuan Bai: ?ći4

Dali Bai: ?ći5

Bijiang Bai: ?ti4

Shijing occurrences: 17.1, 26.4, 37.1

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 252

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 多

MC description : 果開一平歌端

ZIHUI: 1122 0248

Beijing: tuo 11

Jinan: tuǝ 11

Xi'an: tuo 11

Taiyuan: tuǝ 1; tǝ 1

Hankou: to 11

Chengdu: to 11

Yangzhou: to 11

Suzhou: tǝu 11

Wenzhou: tu 11

Changsha: to 11

Shuangfeng: tû 11

Nanchang: tɔ 11

Meixian: tɔ 11

Guangzhou: tɔ 11

Xiamen: to 11

Chaozhou: to 11

Fuzhou: tɔ 11

Shanghai: tu 1

Zhongyuan yinyun: tuo 1

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *dV (/*thǝ)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: big

Sunwar: ṭhēbe

Kaling: dumbu husband

Limbu: tā big, the- in theluŋ big stone, thebā grandfather

Kulung: dema v., depa adj. ; tuppo husband

Yamphu: tuba 'grandfather', tuma 'grandmother'; thappa 'big; old man; husband'; thaʔma 'old woman; wife'

Comments: Perhaps 2 roots, somewhat mixed up: *thǝ in S ṭhēbe, L the-, Y thappa (possibly = *thèn 'thick' q.v.); *dV in L tā, Kul de-, Y tu-. Toba *depu.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: thɛba, -ndhɛba-

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: 1) grandfather, 2) grand-uncle, 3) title of respect to an elderly man.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: dema

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vi-3 [1: dei- 2: de-]

Meaning: be big

Nepali: ṭhūlo hunu.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: tuba

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: grandfather.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *tɨj-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to grow

Ket: tɨjiŋ⁵, (Werner 2, 262) -tij

Yug: tɨjiŋ, -tɨj (Werner 2, 262)

Comments: ССЕ 286. Werner 2, 261 <*t^hij>.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVHV

Meaning : big

Eurasiatic : *t`VwjV ?

Afroasiatic : *day/ʔ- ~ *yVd- 'good' ? (cf. also CChad. *HVd- 'many, numerous')

Sino-Caucasian : *dV́HV

Amerind (misc.) : *ta(k) 'large' (R 416) [+ A K]

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV)

Meaning: thick

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *tewǝ-

Altaic: *t`uji

Uralic: *täwi

Kartvelian: *ṭu- (?)

Dravidian: *tav-

References: ND 2333 *ṭeGwV 'to swell, become thick / large/ strong' - compares IE with Mong. tebeɣere 'fatness, plumpness', OT tovur 'large'; + Sem. and some sparse Chad.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *tawǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to fatten; fat

Old Indian: tauti, {tavīti} `to have authority, be strong', tavás- `strong, energetic, courageous', m. `power, strength', taviṣá- `strong', táviṣī `power, strength, violence', tuví- (in comp.) `very, mighty', tū́ya- `strong, quick'; tūtumá- `strong', túmra- `big, strong', tumala-, tumula- `tumultous, noisy'

Avestan: tav- `vermögen', tavah- n. `Macht', tǝvīšī `Körperkraft'

Other Iranian: OPers tauman- n. `Vermögen, Kraft, Macht'

Old Greek: taǘ-s = mégas, polǘs; ptc.aor. pl.acc.f. taǘsas = megalǘnas, pleonásas Hsch.

Slavic: *tɨ̄̀jǭ, *tɨ̄́tī; *tovī́tī; *otāvā; *tū́šā

Baltic: *tū̂-l-a- adj., *tu-m̂-t-a- c., *tu-m̂-st-a- c.

Germanic: *ɵū-m-an- m., *ɵu-m-an- m., *ɵu-m-al-a- m., *ɵu-m-il-a- m.; *ɵau-s-n-ō f., *ɵau-s-ō- vb., *ɵau-s-ia- vb., *ɵu-s-i- c.; *ɵwa-s-t-ia- vb.; *ɵiu-s-ia- vb., *ɵiu-s-tr-a- m., *ɵú-s-a- n., *ɵū-s-t-a- m., etc.

Latin: tumēre, -uī `geschwollen sein; vor Zorn aufbrausen', tumidus, -a `geschwollen; aufbrausend; aufgeblasen; schwülstig', tumor, -ōris m. `Schwellung; Aufwallung; Aufgeblasenheit; Gärung; Schwulst', tumulus, -ī m. `Bodenschwellung, Hügel; Grabhügel', tumultus, -ī m. `Unruhe, Lärm, Getöse; Kriegslärm, Aufstand; Sorge, Aufregung'

Celtic: Cymr twf `Kraft, Stärke', tyfu `zunehmen, wachsen'; MBret tin̄va `zusammenwachsen (von einer Wunde); gedeihen, von einem Pfropfreis'

Russ. meaning: жиреть; жир, жировые отложения

References: WP I 706 f

Comments: See the same root in *tewǝk-. In Balt. contamination with *temǝ- 'curdle' (see the derivatives there).

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *tū̂-l-a- adj., *tu-m̂-t-a- c., *tu-m̂-st-a- c.

Meaning: many

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: tū́la- `so mancher, ziemlich viel, manch einer, verschieden(artig)'; tùmta-s 'Schar, Haufe', dial. tùmsta-s '1000'

Old Prussian: tūlan (toūlan) `viel', adv. comp. toūls; 2 sg. prs. tūlninai `mehrst', 2 pl. imper. tülninaiti; ? compos. tusawortes [lies: tulawortes] `Mannigfaltigkeit'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *ɵūmēn, *ɵumēn, *ɵumala-z, *ɵumila-z; *ɵausnō, *ɵausōn- vb., *ɵausian- vb., *ɵusi-z; *ɵwastian- vb.; *ɵiusian- vb., *ɵiustra-z, *ɵúsa-n, *ɵūsta-z, etc.

Meaning: furious, violent, angry, etc.

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *ga-ɵwastjan wk. `set right, restore'; ɵwastiɵa f. (ō) `safeguard'; ɵausk n., ɵausn f. `Lärm, Unruhe', ɵeysa vb. `vorwärtstreiben', ɵüsja wk. `stürzen, stürmen, treiben'; ɵjōst-r m. `Zorn, Heftigkeit, Gewalt', ɵūst-r m. `Zorn, Feinseligkeit'; NIsl pl. f. ɵusur `Heftigkeit', ɵusu-ma δur `heftiger Mensch'

Old Norse: ɵumal-l n. PN, ɵumal-gingr m. `Daumen', NISl ɵumal-l `Daumen'; ɵeysa vb. `vorwärtstreiben', ɵüsja wk. `stürzen, stürmen, treiben'; ɵjōst-r m. `Zorn, Heftigkeit, Gewalt', ɵūst-r m. `Zorn, Feinseligkeit'; NIsl pl. f. ɵusur `Heftigkeit', ɵusu-ma δur `heftiger Mensch'

Norwegian: tume `Daumen, Zoll'; töysa vb.; tüsja vb.; tjoste

Old Swedish: ɵumi m. `Daumen', ɵum `Zoll'

Swedish: tumme `Daumen, Zoll'

Danish: tomme `Daumen, Zoll'

Old English: ɵūma `Daumen', ɵümel `Fingerhut'; ɵyssa m. `Toser', mägen-ɵysse `violence, force'; ɵysse `Gewalt'

English: thumb; thimble

Old Saxon: thūmo

Middle Dutch: dūme

Dutch: duim m.

Middle Low German: dūmelinc `Däumling', dūme

Old High German: thūmo `Daumen' (8.Jh.), thōsen `zerstören'

Middle High German: dūme, doume wk. m. 'daumen; handwinde in der schmiede'; doum st. m. 'zapfen, pfropfen'; diusen wk. `zerren, zausen', intr. 'in verwirrung geraten'

German: Daumen m.; Däumling

Comments: Contam. with *ɵauska-n q.v.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ùji

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: thick

Russian meaning: толстый

Turkic: *Tujug

Mongolian: *tüɣüd- / *tüjit-

Japanese: *tùjǝ̀-

Comments: A good Turk.-Mong.-Jpn. match.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Tujug

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: whole, complete

Russian meaning: полностью

Old Turkic: tujɣun 'high official' (Orkh.)

Tatar: (КСТТ) tojoq

Shor: tujuq

Oyrat: tuj 'compact, solid'; (dial.) tujaɣ 1 (R - Leb.)

Yakut: tuj(u)gun 'excellent', tujulā- 'to reach a high degree' (Пек.)

Kirghiz: tujuq

Comments: VEWT 497, EDT 568.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tüɣüd- / *tüjit-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: convex, bulging, thick

Russian meaning: выпуклый, толстый

Written Mongolian: tügdüi-, tügdüger (L 849); tüitü-, tügüdeg

Khalkha: tügdij-, tügdger, tǖdeg

Buriat: tügdeger 'сутулый'

Kalmuck: tǖtī- 'to be thick and swollen'

Comments: KW 418.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tùjǝ̀-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: strong

Russian meaning: сильный

Old Japanese: tujo-

Middle Japanese: tùjò-

Tokyo: tsuyó-

Kyoto: tsúyò-

Kagoshima: tsuyó-

Comments: JLTT 843.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1057

Proto: *täwi

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: full

German meaning: voll

Finnish: täy(tte-)

Saam (Lapp): dievvâ-

Khanty (Ostyak): tökǝn- [Redei - to *tekV]

Mansi (Vogul): tāw- [Redei - to *tekV]

Hungarian: tǘz [Redei - to *tekV]

Sammalahti's version: *täwi

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭu-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: вымя

English meaning: udder

Georgian: ṭu-a

Megrel: ṭu, ṭǝ

Laz: ṭu

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 183, EWK 334.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tav-

Meaning : much, abundantly

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tav-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tav-

Meaning : much, abundantly

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tava

Tamil meaning : much, intensely

Kannada : tave

Kannada meaning : abundantly, greatly, wholly, completely, exceedingly

Proto-Nilgiri : *tav

Number in DED : 3106

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *tav

Meaning : to be perfect

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : tof ɨn- (ɨd_-)

Number in DED : 3106

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *day/ʔ- ~ *yVd-

Meaning: good

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *day- 'good, sufficient'

East Chadic: Tum ed

Beḍauye (Beja): day

Low East Cushitic: Bayso ka-iida <*yid-

High East Cushitic: SID aada

Omotic: SHI doʔa; KAF deʔō

Semitic etymology :

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