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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=Hīmq̇_V
Meaning: to divide
Notes: A common NC root; WC languages have preserved only an old derivate *nǝq:ʷa ( < *mǝq:a), corresponding to PA *b=iq̇:in(V) 'half', PD *b-aIHVnV id.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *=ēq̇-
Meaning: to divide
Chechen: =ēq̇-
Ingush: =eq̇-
Batsbi: =eq̇-
Comments: Although in Chech. and Ing. the stem =ēq̇- is both terminative and durative, the Bacbi data show that originally it was only terminative: Bacbi has term. =eq̇- opposed to dur. ʔaq̇- 'to divide' ( < PN *ʔāq̇-). A common Nakh derivate is *d-āq̇a 'part, piece' > Chech. dāq̇a, Ing. daq̇a, Bacb. daq̇ / dāq̇.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=iq̇:(Vn)-
Meaning: to divide
Akhvakh: =iq̇:-
Chamalal: =iq̇:-
Tindi: =iq̇:ĩ-
Karata: =eq̇:-
Godoberi: =eq̇:ĩh-
Comments: Besides Tind. and God., nasal conjugation is attested also in Kar. Anch. =ĩq̇:- (n-iq̇:-). There are two derivates from this root: PA *=iq̇:in(V) 'half' ( > Akhv. meq̇:e-da, miq̇:e-s:i, Cham. Gig. beq̇:ina, Tind. beq̇:ana-s:a, Kar. req̇:en-ʎer, req̇:ema, Anch. niq̇:o) and *r=iq̇:irV 'part', reflected in Akhv. req̇:er, Ratl. riq̇:eri ( = PN *d=āq̇a).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *b-aIHVnV
Meaning: half
Chiragh: baIʕne
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiq̇:Ia-
Meaning: to divide
Budukh: e=q̇-
Archi: q̇Ia-
Comment: It is hard to separate the Bud. and Arch. forms, although the correspondence is not quite regular: the Archi morphonology shows that Archi has a tense q̇:I (cf. e. g. 3d cl. ba-q̇:Ia-s), going back to PL *q̇:I - which should be reflected in Bud. as -q-. Therefore either there is a misspelling in the Archi recordings, or there occurred an irregular development in Budukh.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *nǝq:ʷa ( ~ -q̇ʷ-)
Meaning: half
Adyghe: nǝq:ʷa
Kabardian: nǝq:ʷa
Comments: PAK *nǝq:ʷá. The inner morphological analysis proposed by Shagirov (1, 286: nǝ- = -na in *š́a-ná 'one third', *ṗƛ̣a-ná 'one fourth' etc., -q:ʷa - component meaning "not quite, a little") is very dubious.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=HV̄́mq̇V
Meaning: to divide
Comments and references : In ST cf. alternatively *Kʷaj `to separate'. [Cf. Ur. *jaka- 'divide']
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khē̆-t ( ~ gh-, qh-, Gh-)
Meaning: divide, separate
Tibetan: ãgjed (p. bgjes, f. bkje) to divide, ãgje (p. gjes) to be divided, to separate.
Comments: Coblin 65-66.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 契
Modern (Beijing) reading: qì
Preclassic Old Chinese: khēts
Classic Old Chinese: khēć
Western Han Chinese: khjāś
Eastern Han Chinese: khiāś
Early Postclassic Chinese: khiēś
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khiḕj
Late Postclassic Chinese: khiḕj
Middle Chinese: khìej
English meaning : to carve, inscribe, perforate
Russian meaning[s]: 1) условие, контракт, купчая крепость; заключать (контракт); 2) симпатия, дружба; дружить; приемный, усыновленный; побратимство; 3) Ци (фамилия); [qiè] разлука, расставание (друзей); [xiè] в именах людей
Comments: A later meaning is 'carving, notch; > side, angle'. Used also for a homonymous *khēts 'to be distressed'; also read *khēt, MC khiet (FQ 苦結), Pek. qiè, Viet. khiết 'be separated'. Viet. khía is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is khế.
Radical: 37
Four-angle index: 4928
Karlgren code: 0279 b
Go-on: ke
Kan-on: kei
Japanese reading: kei;chigiru
Vietnamese reading: khía
Shijing occurrences: 31.4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 704
Character: 契
MC description : 蟹開四去霽溪
ZIHUI: 1148 0681
Beijing: ćhi 3
Jinan: ćhi 3
Xi'an: ćhi 3
Taiyuan: ćhi 3
Hankou: ćhi 3
Chengdu: ćhi 3
Yangzhou: ćhi 3
Suzhou: ćhi 31
Wenzhou: chi_ 31
Changsha: ćhi 31
Shuangfeng: ćhi 31
Nanchang: ćhi 31
Meixian: khɛ 3
Guangzhou: khai 31
Xiamen: khe 31 (lit.); khue 31
Chaozhou: khoi 31
Fuzhou: khie 31
Shanghai: ćhiôʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: khi 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *dɔq
Meaning: to divide
Ket: dōʁat (Кастр.), dɔ́ʁɔt (Werner 1, 201) "part"
Kottish: tax, tak "dividing"; taxthākŋ, takthākŋ "to divide"
Comments: ССЕ 224. Werner 1, 201 (without reconstruction). *d- may be an old prefix: without it cf. Ket qɔ 'part, deal' (Werner 2, 92).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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