North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *χ_āɫV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sinew; thread

Proto-Nakh: *χāl

Proto-Tsezian: *χ:ɨlɔ

Proto-Lak: χ:al

Proto-Lezghian: *χ:al(a)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Seems quite plausible phonetically and semantically (the correlation "sinew" : "thread, wire" is usual). EC > Osset. xal / xalä 'thread', Balk. xalǝ id. (see Abayev 1989, 135).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *χāl

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a piece of thread

Chechen: χal

Comments: Obl. base *χāli- (Chech. χēla-). Attested only in Chech., but having good external parallels.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *χ:ɨlɔ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sinew

Tsezi: χero

Ginukh: χela

Khvarshi: χelo (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: χɨlo

Bezhta: χila

Gunzib: χɨlǝ

Comments: PTsKh *χɨR[o]; PGB *χɨl[ɔ].

Lak etymology :

Lak root: χ:al

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thread, wire

Lak form: χ:al

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *χ:al(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thread

Lezghian: ʁal

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. χal (pointing unambiguously to PL *χ:-). Isolated in Lezg., but having secure external parallels.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *χ_āɫV

Meaning: thread

North Caucasian: *χ_āɫV

Basque: *hali

Comments and references : BCD 35.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *ha[l]i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thread, yarn, wire

Bizkaian: ari / al-

Gipuzkoan: ari / al-

High Navarrese: ari / al-

Low Navarrese: hari / hal-

Lapurdian: hari / hal-

Zuberoan: hari / hal-

Roncalese: ari / al-

Comments: The variant *hal- appears in derivates and compounds, e.g. haliko (BNV), halliko (ZBR), aliko (RNC) 'ball of thread'. Cf. PEC *χ_āɫV 'sinew, thread'.

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