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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *GHɨ̆lG_i (~ -e)
Meaning: dirt, dung, faeces
Notes: An expressive reduplicated root; but the correspondences are regular, and it may be safely reconstructed for PEC.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʁarʁV (~ -ā-)
Meaning: crumbs of bread
Ingush: ʁarʁa
Comments: Attested only in Ing., but having probable external parallels.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *q̇:a(n)q̇:ara (~ o)
Meaning: snot, snivel
Andian language: GenGe
Chamalal: q̇:aq̇:ara
Tindi: q̇:aq̇:ara
Comments: And. GenGe 'snot' ( < *q̇Vnq̇V) is a result of contamination of this root with PA *q̇aq̇a q.v.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: q̇aIrq̇i
Meaning: dirt
Lak form: q̇aIrq̇i
Comments: Cf. Khosr. q̇Iarq̇Ii id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *q:ulq:i
Meaning: faeces
Akusha: q:iIlq:i (Kait)
Comments: Cf. also Kub. q:ulq:e id. Pharyngealisation in Kait. is secondary (before a new front vowel).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *q:I[ɨ]lq:I-
Meaning: sheep's dung
Tabasaran: ʁirʁil
Agul: R̀ülR̀-an
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. q:ilq:il id.; with irregular metathesis and an expressive suffix probably also Ag. Burk. q:üšq:el ( < *q:uIlq:-aš) "horse's dung". An expressive reduplicated root, but having probable external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *GHǝ́̆lGī (~ -ē)
Meaning: dirt, dung
Comments and references : Somewhat different in HGC 30, LV B24. Cf. PAA (NMK) *ʔiɛk / *ʔiɛŋ 'excrement'. sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qjāk / *qjāŋ
Meaning: dirt, faeces
Tibetan: rkjag dirt, excrement.
Burmese: kjaŋ, kjak excrement.
Kachin: ǝgaŋ2 dirt, filth.
Lushai: ē (ēk) to defecate; excrement, KC *ēk.
Comments: Haka, Rangkhol, Sho ek, Lakher i dung, excrement; Pwo, Sgaw e feces, Taungthu ʔe dung. Ben. 146; Mat. 164.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *ʔè-s
Meaning: defecate
Tulung: es-
Kaling: enä (eŋɔ)
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: hiʔe:maʔ, hi-e:s-/hi-e:-
Grammar: vt.
Meaning: shit, defaecate
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: e:nɨ
Grammar: vi-2 e:-i:y/i:
Meaning: shit, defaecate
Nepali: hagnu
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-comments,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: ema
Grammar: vi-3 [1: es- 2: e-]
Meaning: shit
Nepali: hagnu.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: eʔma V
Stem: <ed- ; et->
Grammar: v.tr.
Meaning: to shit
Comments: cf. eʔyaŋ.
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *qoʔq (~χ)
Meaning: flotsam
Ket: qɔʔq
Yug: χɔʔχ (Werner 2, 123)
Comments: ССЕ 261. Werner 2, 123.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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