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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʁĕʕne
Meaning: stone plate, rock layer
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root contains a rare combination of *ʁ- and the emphatic laryngeal -ʕ-, which influenced the development of *ʁ; nevertheless, the etymology seems acceptable (despite the irregularity of vowel -u- in Lak.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ʁoʔV ( ~ -a-)
Meaning: foundation, groundwork
Chamalal: ʁaj
Comments: Isolated in Cham. (cf. also Gad., Gig. ʁaj), but having probable external parallels.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-chm,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ʁuni
Meaning: (stone) plate
Lak form: ʁuni
Comments: Cf. Khosr. ʁun-č̣i id. (a suffixed form).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *hIena
Meaning: stone plate, boulder
Akusha: ʕena
Chiragh: ħana
Comments: Cf. also Kub. hana, Ur. ʕina, Tsud. ħena, Sirg. ħäna, Kait. hana id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *qIän ( ~ -a-)
Meaning: rock layer
Rutul: qIan (Shin.)
Comment: Attested only in Rut., but having probable external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xG(w)ā́ŋū ( ~ -ǝ̄-)
Meaning: hill, rock
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kāŋ (~g-)
Meaning: hill
Tibetan: sgaŋ hill, side of a larger moutain.
Burmese: khaŋ hilly ridge or spur.
Kachin: ǯiŋkhaŋ2, nkhaŋ2 the top of a hill, a hill.
Comments: Simon 15; Mat. 167; Luce 70; Coblin 94. Cf. also Thakali kɛŋ 'mountain'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 岡
Modern (Beijing) reading: gāng
Preclassic Old Chinese: kāŋ
Classic Old Chinese: kāŋ
Western Han Chinese: kāŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: kāŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ
Middle Chinese: kâŋ
English meaning : ridge
Russian meaning[s]: холм; сопка; хребет, гребень горы
Shuowen gloss: 山脊也.從山.#聲.
Radical: 46
Four-angle index: 3730
Karlgren code: 0697 a
Shijing occurrences: 3.3_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 539
Character: 岡
MC description : 宕開一平唐見
ZIHUI: 1481 2301
Beijing: kaŋ 11
Jinan: kaŋ 11
Xi'an: kaŋ 11
Taiyuan: ka_̃ 1
Hankou: kaŋ 11
Chengdu: kaŋ 11
Yangzhou: kâŋ 11
Suzhou: ka_ŋ 11
Wenzhou: kuɔ 11
Changsha: kan 11
Shuangfeng: kaŋ 11
Nanchang: kɔŋ 11
Meixian: kɔŋ 11
Guangzhou: kɔŋ 11
Xiamen: kɔŋ 11 (lit.); kaŋ 11
Chaozhou: kaŋ 11
Fuzhou: kouŋ 11
Shanghai: ka_̃ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: kaŋ 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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