North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣_ĕbV ( / *c_ĕṗV) ( ~ -ā-)

Meaning: big stone; hard

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *c̣:aba ( ~ o)

Proto-Tsezian: *sɨṗi ( ~ s:-,z-)

Proto-Dargwa: *c̣up:i

Proto-Lezghian: *c̣ʷep:V-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for the metathesis of laryngeal features in PTs (a rather usual phenomenon in roots containing two stops), correspondences are regular.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *c̣:aba ( ~ o)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big stone

Akhvakh: c̣:aba

Comments: Attested only in Akhv. (cf. also Tseg., Ratl. c̣:aba), but having probable external parallels.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *sɨṗi ( ~ s:-,z-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stone for fastening the roof

Bezhta: siṗi (Khosh.)

Gunzib: sɨṗi (Gunz.)

Comments: PGB *sɨṗi (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. šiṗi).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *c̣up:i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: big pan, trivet

Akusha: c̣ubi

Comments: Cf. also Muir., Tsud., Sirg. c̣up:i, Kub. c̣ip:e.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *c̣ʷep:V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hard 2 thick (of a flat object)

Agul: c̣up:e-f

Tsakhur: c̣oba-n

Comment: Cf. also Bursh. c̣ube-r, Burk. c̣up:e-f, Fit. c̣ep:i-t / c̣ebbi-t (the latter form showing that the stem actually consists of the root c̣eb- + suffixed -b-).

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