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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔirχ_wV / *χirχ_wV
Meaning: to saw
Notes: An expressive root with many irregular changes. Nevertheless, at least two common EC derivates can be reconstructed: a) *ʔVrχ_wVrV (with reduction *χ:ʷVrV) > Gunz. hǝru, Lak. χ:ara-, PL *ʔarχ:(ʷ)Vra; b) *χirχ_wV (coinciding with the reduplicated verbal stem). A similar stem exists in Kartvelian: *χarχ- 'to saw, saw' (see Klimov 1964, 257-258). From Kartvelian (Georg. χerχ- 'saw', Megr. χorχ- id.) it was borrowed into many NC languages: Chech., Ing., Bacb. χerχ, Inkh. χereχ, Tsez., Gin. χiriχ, Bezht. Tlad. χorʁo, Khosh. χorχo, Abkh. a-χʷarχ́ (Bzyb. a-χ́arχ́).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *χ:i- / *χ:iχ:ʷ-
Meaning: to saw
Avar: q:uq:á-
Chadakolob: quqa- 1
Andian language: q:uq:an-
Chamalal: χ:uχ:an-
Tindi: χ:ē-, χ:iχ:ʷã-
Comments: The non-reduplicated stem II *χ:i- is attested only in Tindi (χ:ē- < *χ:i-di-). All other forms are reduplicated, and in some of them (Av., And.) an irregular reflex q: is observed (probably due to the expressive character of the word). The Av. derivate q:uq:ádiro 'saw' is borrowed in Akhv. q:uq:adiro, Cham. Gig. q:oq:adur id.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ʁ:ǝru ( ~ χ-)
Meaning: saw
Gunzib: hǝru
Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: χ:ara-č̣ani
Meaning: saw
Lak form: χ:arač̣ani
Comments: Cf. Khosr. χ:arač̣ani id. The second part (-č̣ani) is not quite clear; for χ:ara- cf. also χ:ara-č̣aṭa 'metallic scraper'. Lak. χ:ara- reflects the nominal derivate *ʔVrχ_wVrV; the original reduplicated stem *χirχ_wV- is preserved in χ:uχ:u-ṭi 'file'.
It is interested to note Tind. č̣araχ:un 'saw' - which is very probably a later metathesis of a loanword from Lak. (č̣araχ:un < *χ:arač̣Vn).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *χ:ur-ka
Meaning: rasp file
Akusha: χurka
Comments: Darg. *χ:urka is the probable source of Lak. χ:uku dan, χ:uku ṭun 'to saw'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirχ:ʷV / *χ:irχ:ʷV
Meaning: 1 to saw 2 saw
Tabasaran: q-a=χI- 1
Agul: d-irχ- 1
Rutul: darχilaq 2
Tsakhur: ajχā 2
Archi: χ:uχ:u-bos 1
Comment: In Tab. the root is used only with preverbs (q-, ald-); pharyngealization is probably secondary (expressive). The Lezghian languages reflect two main nominal derivates from this root: 1) *t:-irχ:ʷV-l / *t:-irχ:ʷV-n (cf., besides Rut. darχilaq, also Tab. durχin, Ag. duruχal);
2) *ʔarVχ:(ʷ)V-ra > Tsakh. ajχā (Gelm. ajχewa).
Cf. also Arch. χ:uχ:ǝṭiḳi 'saw' - which is obviously derived from χ:uχ:u- (although it may have been influenced also by the related Lak. χ:uχ:uṭi 'file').
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *χwV́rV
Meaning: saw, to saw
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *haríc̣i
Meaning: saw
Hunza: haríc̣i
Nagar: haríc̣i
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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