North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *m[ä̆]nx_wV

Meaning: sickle

Proto-Nakh: *nŏχ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *niʎV

Proto-Tsezian: *bɨʎ:aj

Proto-Lak: mirx

Proto-Dargwa: *mirx:

Proto-Lezghian: *manʎʷ(a) ( ~ -ʎ:ʷ-)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The hypothesis of derivation from *=ixA 'to reap' (Klimov 1971, 227) is tempting, but there are some obstacles: medial *-n- (reconstructed because of the supposed PL *-n- and of PN and Av. initial n-); labialisation of *xw; difference in tenseness. It is probably wiser to think of a secondary contamination of the two roots in some languages (Av.-And. and Darg.).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *nŏχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: plough

Chechen: noχ

Ingush: nuχ

Comments: 3d class in both languages. Obl. base *naχo-rV- (Chech. naχara-, Ing. noχaro).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *niʎV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sickle

Avar: niʎ

Chadakolob: nit

Comments: Av. paradigm C (plur. níʎa-l; Chad. notó-l, níta-l).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *bɨʎ:aj

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dagger 2 sabre

Tsezi: beʎaj 1,2

Ginukh: beʎaj 2

Khvarshi: beʎaj (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: bɨʎaj 1

Bezhta: baʎaj (Khosh.) 1

Gunzib: baʎaj 1

Comments: PTsKh *bɨʎaj; PGB *baʎaj. In PGB there occurred a vocalic assimilation (*baʎaj < *bɨʎaj ~ -i-).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: mirx

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sickle

Lak form: mirx

Comments: Cf. Khosr. mirx, mirx:ira- - pointing to a strong *x: in Proto-Lak.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *mirx:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sickle

Akusha: mirš

Chiragh: mirx:

Comments: Cf. also Sirg., Kait. mix, Ur. mirš, Gapsh. mix:, Kub. mīx, Kharb. mīš, Tsud. mirx / mix. Forms with weak x (or -š < *x) probably reflect a contamination with the verbal root *-irx- 'to reap' q.v.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *manʎʷ(a) ( ~ -ʎ:ʷ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sickle 2 superiority in reaping

Rutul: marf 2 (Khniukh.)

Udi: meχ 1

Comment: Cf. Ud. (MSU) miχ. 4th class in Rut. PL *-n- regularly gives Rut. -r- before a lateral (*-r- would have been lost in this position) and disappears in Udi.

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