North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *Gwǟnmē

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: heap, stack

Proto-Nakh: *ʁāma

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʁʷini

Proto-Tsezian: *χeme ( ~ ʁ:-)

Proto-Lezghian: *q:ʷän- ( ~ -e-)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ʁāma

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 haystack 2 haycock

Chechen: ʁāma 1

Ingush: ʁama 2

Comments: 4th class in both languages.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ʁʷini

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stack 2 heap 3 mound, hillock

Avar: ʁuní 1

Andian language: ʁun 1,2

Akhvakh: muʁu 2,3

Chamalal: ʁũ / ʁun 1,2,3

Karata: ʁʷane 1,2

Godoberi: ʁuni 2

Comments: Av. paradigm B (ʁunó-l, ʁuná-l). In Akhv. there occurred a metathesis: muʁu < *ʁumu ( < *ʁʷinV). Cf. also Cham. Gig. ʁuni '(hay)stack'.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *χeme ( ~ ʁ:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: small stack

Bezhta: ʁeme

Gunzib: ʁeme (Gunz.)

Comments: PGB *ʁeme.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *q:ʷän- ( ~ -e-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a convex heap; a ball-shaped bush

Archi: qIʷeni

Comment: Attested only in Archi, but having probable external parallels (although the Arch. pharyngealisation here is excessive, and probably secondary). Arch. qIʷeni presupposes a suffixed form *q:ʷänV-j; the suffixless form (with a transformed meaning) is also preserved in Archi: Arch. qIʷen 'rock, cliff'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *Gwǟŋmē

Meaning: heap

North Caucasian: *Gwǟnmē

Sino-Tibetan: *q(h)ʷV̄ŋ (~ɣʷ-)

Comments and references : WFR 78.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *q(h)ʷV̄ŋ (~ɣʷ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: heap

Tibetan: goŋ-po lump, mass, heap, clot.

Lushai: vūŋ a heap, a mound (of loose earth).

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