North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇ɦwɨ̆q̇ā

Meaning: crowd, group

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇:ʷiq̇:a ( ~ -o)

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇ʷɨq̇V-l ( ~ *q̇o-)

Proto-Lak: q̇uIq̇a

Proto-Dargwa: *q̇uq̇Ia

Notes: The Lak. form may be borrowed from Darg. (or vice versa); still there is no doubt in the PEC antiquity of the root.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q̇:ʷiq̇:a ( ~ -o)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 group (of people), company 2 to crowd, gather

Avar: q̇:oq̇:á 1

Chamalal: q̇:oq̇:-id- 2

Godoberi: q̇:uq̇:a 1

Comments: The Andian forms may be borrowed from Avar (but may be also genuinely related). Av. (or an unattested Tindi form) > Inkh. q̇uq̇a 'group, company'.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇ʷɨq̇V-l ( ~ *q̇o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crowd

Gunzib: q̇oq̇ol

Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: q̇uIq̇a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: group (of people), company

Lak form: q̇uIq̇a

Comments: Cf. Khosr. q̇Iuq̇Ia id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *q̇uq̇Ia

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: group

Akusha: q̇uq̇aI

Comments: Cf. also Ur., Muir., Tsud., Kait., Kub. q̇uq̇aI, Sirg. q̇uq̇ʷaI id.

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