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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=Hĭc̣_Ăl
Meaning: naked, bare
Notes: As many other adjectival stems, PNC *=Hĭc̣_Ăl- could have suffixed class markers, turning to *=Hĭc̣_lV- > *=Hĭlc̣_V- (this process could occur independently in different subgroups). The latter form is reflected in PN and PA - but archaic Lezghian and Dargian data speak in favour of the original structure *=Hĭc̣_Ăl-. The root could also use prefixed class markers, which are preserved in Nakh languages and have left traces in some Lezghian languages, as well as in PWC *p(ǝ)-. Despite all these difficulties, the etymology seems both phonetically and semantically quite satisfactory.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *=arc̣-
Meaning: naked, bare
Chechen: =erzina
Ingush: =erzana
Batsbi: =arc̣inŏ
Comments: The pure stem is preserved in Bacb. =arc̣-dalar 'to become naked, take off clothes'. PN *=arc̣i-no is historically a participial form.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *hinc̣:V- ( ~ ħ-)
Meaning: naked, bare
Avar: ʕíc̣:a-b
Chadakolob: ʕíc̣-gu-jab
Chamalal: ṣin-ḳura
Tindi: hinc:u-raχ:u-b
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. c̣:in-č̣aq̇:ulda 'naked'. In Tind. and Cham. the root *hinc̣:V- is provided by expressive suffixes. [In Cham. Gig. -č̣aq̇:ul-da may be a remnant of another root, possibly reflected (with distortions) in Darg. č̣aInḳ(u)-si and Lak. ḳač̣a-s:a 'naked'; cf. also Akhv. (cited from Khaid., thus not very reliable), q̇:uč̣a 'naked'.]
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *limc̣al-
Meaning: naked
Akusha: limc̣al (Kait.)
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *q̇ä-c̣Vl-
Meaning: naked
Lezghian: q̇ec̣il
Tabasaran: ʁIac̣li
Agul: q̇Iac̣ul-f
Rutul: ʁac̣ul-dɨ
Tsakhur: c̣ele-n
Kryz: q̇äc̣in
Budukh: q̇ac̣ɨn
Comment: Most forms - except Tsakhur - contain the adjectival prefix *q̇ä-. Cf. also Tab. Düb. q̇Iac̣li, Ag. Bursh. q̇arc̣le-r, Burk. ʡac̣ul-f (pharyngealization in most Tab. and Ag. dialects is secondary before the front vowel *ä). Within the complex stem *q̇ä + class markers + *c̣Vl- there could occur different combinatory changes (vocalic and consonantal). See Магометов 1966, 340; Лексика 1971, 217.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: c̣i-tar
North Caucasian etymology: 1787
Meaning: naked, bare
Khinalug form: c̣itar
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *p(ǝ)c̣V
Meaning: naked
Adyghe: ṗc̣āna
Kabardian: ṗc̣āna
Ubykh: -ṗc̣ǝ
Comments: PAK *ṗc̣a-ná. The root is also used in compounds *ʎa-ṗc̣á 'bare-footed' (Kab. ʎāmc̣a / ʎāṗc̣a, Ad. ʎāṗc̣a) = Ub. ʎa-ṗc̣ǝ́ and *śħa-ṗc̣á 'bare-headed' (Kab. śħamc̣a / śħaṗc̣a, Ad. śħāṗc̣a) = Ub. ša-ṗc̣ǝ́. Shagirov (2,49-50) proposes to compare PAK *ṗc̣a rather with Ub. ṗć̣a 'clean' (thus considering Ub. -ṗc̣ǝ a loan from Ad.). This seems to us less likely, because Ub. ṗć̣a has a different etymology (see PWC *ṗǝźV 'clean'), and we prefer to follow Abdokov (1973, 57, 65).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=Hĭ́sṭĂɫ-
Meaning: clean, naked, bare
Comments and references : BCD 13. [but Basque *huć (187) - rather to PNC *ɦǝ̄ć̣Ĕ?]
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *cheɫ
Meaning: clean, clear
Tibetan: sel to remove, to clean.
Kachin: (H) mǝǯen a clearing, as for a village.
Lushai: sial to clear (as road).
Lepcha: ǯil-lă ǯil-lă pure, clear (as water, sky)
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *tul-
Meaning: clean, pure
Yug: tulen (Кастр.)
Comments: ССЕ 290. Werner 2, 285 (also comparing the root with tul- 'new').
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *ɦućal
Meaning: 1 poor, trifling 2 dry, barren, sterile 3 shrunken, shriveled
High Navarrese: utsal 1
Low Navarrese: hutsal 1, 3
Salazarese: utsal 1, 2
Lapurdian: hutsal 1
Zuberoan: ütsal 1, 2
Roncalese: utsal 1
Comments: Cf. also *huć: these words appear to be contaminated or blended.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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