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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣_i
Meaning: below, down (an adverbial stem)
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. In most subgroups (Av.-And., PTs, PL, Lak.) the morpheme is used as a suffix of the locative case (series Sub). Nakh languages have lost this usage, but it can be shown that they once also had it: cf. cases like PN *muʁ 'tail' - *muʁ-le 'strap under horse's tail' (lit. 'under the tail') > Bacb. mujʁlĭ, Chech., Ing. mulʁa ( = Av. maʁáƛ̣: id.).
caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ḳa-l(e)
Meaning: down, below (adv.)
Chechen: ḳel
Ingush: ḳal
Batsbi: ḳiḳel
Comments: In Bacb. the root is reduplicated; cf. also Bacb. ḳiḳlĩ 'lower'.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *-ƛ̣:i
Meaning: locative suffix (series Sub)
Avar: -ƛ̣:
Andian language: -ƛ̣:i
Akhvakh: -ƛ̣:
Chamalal: -ƛ̣:i
Tindi: -ƛ̣:i
Karata: -ƛ̣:i
Botlikh: -ƛ̣:i
Bagvalal: -ƛ̣:i
Godoberi: -ƛ̣:i
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ƛɨ-, *-ƛ(ɔ)
Meaning: 1 down, below 2 locative suffix (series Sub)
Tsezi: -ƛ(o) 2
Ginukh: -ƛ 2
Khvarshi: -ƛ 2
Inkhokvari: -ƛ 2
Bezhta: ƛi- 1, -ƛ(a) 2
Gunzib: ƛɨ- 1, -ƛ 2
Comments: As an adverb the root is preserved in PGB *ƛɨ-rǝ > Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ƛiro, Gunz. ƛɨrǝ 'down, below'; all languages also preserve the morpheme as the locative suffix of the Sub series.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: luw
Meaning: down, below
Lak form: luw
Comments: Khosr. lū id. Cf. also Lak. -l- - locative suffix of the series Sub; la- in la=iḳʷa- 'to hide' (lit. 'to be below').
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *-ɣ(u)-
Meaning: sub series
Akusha: -u
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:i-, *-ƛ̣:
Meaning: 1 below, down 2 locative suffix (Sub series)
Lezghian: -k 2
Tabasaran: -k: 2; k:- prev.
Agul: -k: 2; k:- prev.
Rutul: -k 2
Tsakhur: -k 2
Kryz: -k 2; k- prev.
Budukh: -k 2
Archi: -ƛ̣: 2
Udi: oq:a 1
Comment: In the adverbial use the root *ƛ̣:i- is preserved only in Archi and Budukh (Arch. ƛ̣:i-r, Bud. ko-rǝ with a not quite clear vowel reflex). All languages reflect the stem in the function of the locative suffix (in Udi - only within the adverb o-q:a 'below', formed from a pronominal stem). Most languages also reflect the same morpheme as a preverb (meaning 'below'): Lezg. ḳ(ʷ)-, Tab. k:-, Ag. k:-, Rut. g-, Tsakh. g-, Kryz. k-. See Alekseyev 1985, 55, 119 (Alekseyev lists also the Bud. preverb č-, which is probably different in origin: cf. Bud. ače, Kryz. äčä 'below').
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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