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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *-bV (?)
Meaning: negative, prohibitive
Proto-West Caucasian: *pǝ ? Notes: Possibly = imperative (with a *laryngeal negation)?
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *-bi
Meaning: neg. prohib.
Akhvakh: -u-be
Tindi: -ba-s:a
Karata: -bi-s:e
Bagvalal: -bi-s:e
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-bgv,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: [*-b-]
Meaning: negative general
Inkhokvari: -b-
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-inh,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *pǝ ?
Meaning: not (negative particle)
Adyghe: -p
Comments: An isolated and rather obscure Ad. morpheme.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bV
Meaning: not, negative particle
Comments and references : Extremely scarcely and dubiously represented in NC and ST, but recoverable in Yen. and Bur.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan:
Chinese: 不 pǝ, pǝʔ not
Burmese: ? paʔ to annul (e.g. a treaty)
Comments: Cf. Serdukpen bi-i, Sulung ba1 'not'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *-pun
Meaning: without, -less (a suffixed morpheme)
Ket: -ań (Werner 1, 38)
Yug: -fan (Кастр.), -fan / -pan (Werner 1, 38)
Kottish: -fun, -phun
Pumpokol: -fun in hitifún (Сл.) "to be silent" [cf. Kott. atpifunākŋ id., lit. 'be without hearing').
Comments: ССЕ 253. Werner 1, 38 *-phun.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *be
Meaning: not
Yasin: be
Hunza: be
Nagar: be
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PV
Meaning : negative particle
Afroasiatic : Cush., Chad. *bV
globet-meaning,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *bV
Meaning: not
Austroasiatic meaning: negative marker
Proto-Austronesian: *ba
Austronesian meaning: negative marker
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: pV
Meaning: not
Proto-Khmu: KHANG bǝʔ.33
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-bah,aaet-kmu,aaet-asli,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *biʔ
Meaning: negative
Bahnar: biʔ
Bahnar meaning: negative
References: SPT
banet-meaning,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-sob,banet-refer,
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South Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-South Bahnaric:
Meaning: negative
Chrau form: bi
Chrau meaning: not
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,
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Aslian etymology :
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Proto-Aslian:
Meaning: not
Semai: pɛʔ
asliet-prnum,asliet-meaning,asliet-smi,
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