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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *HinV-
Meaning: self, reflexive pronoun (obl. base)
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔin- Notes: A common Av.-And.-Tsezian morpheme, with only sporadic parallels from other languages. Besides Khinalug, possible traces of this root can be perhaps found in Arch. inž 'self' (where -n- is absolutely superfluous if we talk about reflexes of *ʒ́ĭ q.v. - thus it may be an old compound of *HinV- + *ʒ́ĭ). If this morpheme is not an Av.-And.-Tsez. innovation, it must have played the role of the oblique base of one of the PEC reflexive pronouns (see *ʒ́ĭ and *č[ŭ]).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ʔin-
Meaning: (one)self
Chadakolob: ji
Andian language: en-
Akhvakh: ĩ-
Chamalal: in- / ĩ-
Tindi: e-a, ĩ-
Comments: The stem is sometimes used as direct (Av. Chad. ji, cf. obl. jine-), Tind. e-a (obl. ẽ-/ĩ-), but most usually as the oblique stem for PA *ži- q.v.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *hin-
Meaning: (one)self
Tsezi: ne-
Inkhokvari: i-
Bezhta: hin- / hon-
Comments: Originally the oblique base, cf. Tsez. dir. žo - obl. ne-s- (1st cl.) / ne-ʎ- (2d cl.), Bezht. Tlad. žü - hin-/hon- (same opposition); in Inkhokvari it has passed also to the direct base (i-so 1st cl., iʎe 2d-5th cl.).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: häh- / hähin-
North Caucasian etymology: 2292
Meaning: (one)self
Khinalug form: häh- / hähin-
Comments: Cf. nom. hähu (1st cl.), hähä (2-4th cl.), obl. base hähin-.
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mi(nV)
Meaning: self
Comments and references : Cf. perhaps Bur. *-jV[m] `self'. The NC forms should be perhaps attributed rather to *ŋV q.v.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *miH
Meaning: possessive pronoun, self, own
Burmese: miʔmiʔ self, own.
Lushai: mi me, us, my, our.
Comments: Kham -mī̀ possessive affix. Cf. also the usage of this morpheme in: Konyak *ma- 'we', Mao Naga a-khru-mei 'we', LB *ŋa-mVʔ 'we'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *win
Meaning: oneself
Ket: bin
Yug: bin
Kottish: mintu "himself"; minta "herself"; pl. mintiäŋ
Comments: ССЕ 294. Werner 1, 129 <*bin>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *mi
Meaning: we
Yasin: mi
Hunza: mi
Nagar: mi
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : MV
Meaning : I, we [1st p. pronoun]
Afroasiatic : HEC *-mi suff. of 1p. sing., *-mV suff. of 1p. pl.; Chad. *mun 1p. pl. incl.
Austric : PAN *ka-mi 'we'
Amerind (misc.) : *ma 'I; we' (R 391) [+ A]; *ma 'we (inclusive)' (R 839) [+ A] African (misc.) : Bantu *-mí 'me'.
Reference : GE 92 *me 'we (inclusive)'. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *mV
Meaning: 1st person pronoun
Dravidian: ?? *m- in 1st p. plur. (later analogically reinterpreted as plural for other persons)
References: ND 1354 *mi 'I', 1354a *miʔa 'we', 1354b *miṭ[ü] 'we incl.'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(e)me-, *(e)me-n-
Meaning: pron. pers. 1 sg
Hittite: ammuk 'mir, mich', -mi 'mein', -mu 'mir, mich', pal. -mu 'mir. mich', luw. -mu id., lyd. amu 'ich, mir', lyk. amu 'ich', emu / ẽmu 'mir' (Tischler 23, Friedrich 141, 144)
Tokharian: *mene- > *mñä- > ñä-, A nä-ṣ (m.), ñ-uk (f.), B ñ-aś (Adams 265)
Old Indian: mā encl.; mām; mé, me; mama; mahya(m) 'me'
Avestan: mā encl., o. mąm; mē, gath. mōi; mana; mā- 'mein'
Other Iranian: OPers gen. maiy; manā
Old Greek: emé, me, emége; moi̯, emói̯; emó-
Germanic: *mi-ki
Latin: mē(d), mī (OLat gen. mīs); mihi
Other Italic: Umbr mehe
Celtic: OIr me-sse, mē (< *mĕ), Cymr mi, Ir -m- inf., suff.; Cymr myn-, meu-
Albanian: mua; im, geg iem 'mein'
Russ. meaning: 1 ед.
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: меня́
Near etymology: -- род. п. ед. ч., укр. мене́, блр. мене́, др.-русск., ст.-слав. мене, болг. ме́не, сербохорв. мѐне, словен. mène. Форма меня́ засвидетельствована с ХV в.; см. Соболевский (Лекции 186), согласно которому -а возникло по аналогии форм род. п. ед. ч. от основ на -о. Фонетическое толкование -а из -е (Шахматов) сомнительно. Другие видят в род.--вин. п. ед. ч. меня́ скрещение мене со стар. вин. ед. мя (праслав. *mę-); см. Мейе, Gеn.--Асс. 85; Преобр. I, 524.
Further etymology: Праслав. *mene соответствует др.-инд. máma, авест. mаnа; ср. Бругман, Grdr. 2, 2, 415 и сл.; Бернекер 2, 36; Мейе, Introduct.|8*| 335. Кельт. соответствия см. у Педерсена (Kelt. Gr. 2, 167).
Pages: 2,599
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *me-, *men-, *man-
Meaning: me
Lithuanian: mi encl. gen., dat.; manè, etc.
Old Prussian: mennei dat.
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-oprus,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1228
Root: me-1
English meaning: 1sg personal pronoun (oblique stem)
German meaning: oblique Form des Pers.-Pron. der 1. Sg.
Grammatical comments: Nom. Sg. eĝ(h)om `ich' (S. 291)
Material: Gen. betont *me-me `von mir, meiner' in ai. máma; dissimil. *me-ne in av. mana, apers. manā; cymr. fyn, Bret. ma, Vannes me (als Possessiv); ksl. mene, lit. manè; anders dissimil. *eme in arm. im, gr. hom. ἐμει̃ο, usw.; Dat. betont me-ĝhi `mir' in ai. máhy-a(m), lat. mihi, umbr. mehe; arm. inj aus *emeĝh-; enklit. moi (auch als Gen.) in ai. mḗ, me, av. me, gthav. moi; gr. μοι; air. infig. und suffig. Pron. -m-; alit. mi, apr. maiy; hitt. -mi;
Akk. mē̆ in ai. av. mā (enklit.), arm. is (*eme-ge?), lat. mē(d), gr. ἐμέ, με; air. me-sse, mé (`ich'), infig. und suffig. Pron. -m- (cymr. mi `ich' mit i nach ti `du'); mē-m in ai. betont mā́m, av. mąm, alb. mua, mue, apr. mien, aksl. mę; mit -ge erweit. gr. ἐμέ-γε, ven. meχo, got. mik `mich', usw., hitt. am-mu-uk (аmuk) `mich, mir' (oben S. 291), enklit. -mu;
Ablativ mē-d in ai. mát, av. mat_, lat. mē(d);
Lokativ moi in ai. mē;
Possessiv mo- in ai. ma, av. ma m. n., mā f., arm. im, gr. ἐμός, alb. im (Artikel i + em);-mo-i̯o- in abg. moj, apr. mais, f. maia; me-i̯o- in lat. meus, hitt. mi-iš(mes); sekundär got. meins, ahd. usw. mīn (*mei-no-); lit. manas, toch. А В ñi (*mäñi).
References: WP. II 236, WH. II 84 f., Schwyzer Gr. Gr. 1, 599 ff.
Pages: 702
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-grammar,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bĭ̀
Meaning: I, 1st person pronoun
Russian meaning: я, мест. 1-го лица
Comments: EAS 79, Владимирцов 357, ОСНЯ 2, 55-56, 63-66, JOAL 157, АПиПЯЯ 57, 68, 104-105, 276. An alternation *bi / *mi-ne- (sing.) ; *ba / *mi̯u-n- (plur.) should be reconstructed. Korean has undergone an irregular (dialectal) loss of *b- (*úrí < *bú-rí). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bẹ-
Meaning: 1 I 2 (*bi-ŕ) we
Russian meaning: 1 я 2 (*bi-ŕ) мы
Old Turkic: ben 1 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.), men 1 (OUygh.), biz 2 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: men 1 (MK, KB), biz 2 (MK, KB) Turkish: ben 1, biz 2
Tatar: min 1, bez 2
Uzbek: men 1, biz 2
Uighur: män 1, biz 2
Sary-Yughur: men 1, pɨz 2
Azerbaidzhan: män 1, biz 2
Turkmen: men 1, bīz 2
Khakassian: min 1, pǝs 2
Shor: men 1, pis 2
Oyrat: men 1, mis 2
Halaj: män 1, biz 2
Chuvash: e-bǝ 1, e-bǝr 2
Yakut: min 1, bihigi 2 (Poss.)
Dolgan: min 1, bihigi 2
Tuva: men 1, bis 2
Tofalar: men 1, bi's 2
Kirghiz: men 1, miz 2
Kazakh: min 1, biz 2
Noghai: men 1, biz 2
Bashkir: min 1, beδ 2
Balkar: men 1, miz 2
Gagauz: ben 1, bis 2
Karaim: men 1, biz 2
Karakalpak: men 1, biz 2
Salar: mē(n) 1, pise(r) 2 (ССЯ 128) Kumyk: men 1, biz 2
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *bi, *min-; *ba, *man-
Meaning: 1 I 2 we
Russian meaning: 1 я 2 мы
Written Mongolian: bi, minu (gen.) 1; bide, ba, man- 2
Middle Mongolian: bi, mino (gen.) (HY 31, SH), bi, m[e]ni (gen.) (IM), bi, minu, mini (gen.) (MA) 1; bida (HY 31), ba, mano (HYt, SH), ba, man- (IM) 2 etc. Khalkha: bi, minij (gen.) 1; bid, ba, man- 2
Buriat: bi, menī (gen.) 1; man- 2
Kalmuck: bi, minɛ̄ (gen.) 1; bid(ṇ), man- 2
Ordos: bi, mini (gen.) 1; man- 2
Dongxian: bi, mini (gen.) 1; biǯien, ma- 2
Baoan: be, mene (gen.) 1; bede, man- 2
Dagur: bī, minī (gen.) 1; bed, bā, mān- 2 (Тод. Даг. 123, 125, 126, 154) Shary-Yoghur: bǝ
Monguor: bu (SM 30), muni (gen.), ndā (D) (SM 247, 260) 1; buda (SM 30) 2 Mogol: bi 'I', nami, name, mini (gen), bidä, mōn- 'we'; ZM bi (26-2), mennɛi (gen.) (26-10a) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bi; *bue, *mü-n-
Meaning: 1 I 2 we
Russian meaning: 1 я 2 мы
Evenki: bi 1; bu, mit 2
Even: bi 1; bu, mut 2
Negidal: bi 1; bu, bitta / butta 2
Spoken Manchu: bī 1 (2869); bō 2 (2871), mesǝ 2 (2872)
Literary Manchu: bi 1; be, muse 2
Jurchen: mi-n (853) 1
Ulcha: bi 1; bū, bue 2
Orok: bi 1; bu 2
Nanai: mi, dial. bi 1; bū, bue 2
Oroch: bi 1; bu, biti 2
Udighe: bi 1; bu, minti 2
Solon: bi 1; bū, miti 2
Comments: ТМС 1,79: *bi 'I', 98: *bue 'we (excl.)', 539: *mü-n- 'we (incl)'. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *úrí
Meaning: we
Russian meaning: мы
Modern Korean: uri
Middle Korean: úrí
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *bà-
Meaning: I, we
Russian meaning: я, мы
Old Japanese: wa-
Middle Japanese: wàré, wátákúsí
Tokyo: wàtashi
Kyoto: wàte
Kagoshima: ói
Nase: wáǸ
Shuri: wáŃ 1, wáttā́ 2
Hateruma: bànù
Yonakuni: ánù
Comments: The form watakusi is regarded by Mochizuki 1971 as *wa-tu-(a)ku si 'my place direction', and by Martin (JLTT 569) as *ba-tukusi 'exhaust me' or 'I exhaust'. Rising accent in wátákúsí is unclear. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 583
Proto: *mE
English meaning: I
German meaning: ich
Finnish: minä, mä 'ich'
Estonian: mina, ma
Saam (Lapp): mǭn, mūn, mǫn, mun (N), mån (L), munn, mun (T Kld.), mon (Not. A)
Mordovian: mon (E M)
Mari (Cheremis): mǝń (KB), mǝ̑jǝ̑, mǝ̑j (U), mǝ̑ń, mǝ̑j, mǝ̑ńe (B)
Udmurt (Votyak): mon (S G)
Komi (Zyrian): me (S P PO), adess. menam (S P)
Khanty (Ostyak): mä (V), mȧn (DN), mȧ (O)
Mansi (Vogul): äm (TJ), om (KU), am (P So.)
Hungarian: én 'ich', en-gëm 'mich'
Nenets (Yurak): mań (O)
Enets (Yen): mod́i
Nganasan (Tawgi): mannaŋ
Selkup: mat (Ta. N), mat, man (Ke.)
Kamass: man
Addenda: Koib. mon; Mot. man
Yukaghir parallels: met 'ich'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *me-
Russian meaning: я
English meaning: I
Georgian: me(n)
Megrel: ma
Svan: mi
Laz: ma(n)
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 132, EWK 233-234. Хорошо известная ностратическая основа (ностр. *mi > ПИЕ *me-, урал. *mi, алт. *bi, см. ОСНЯ 2, 63-66; Бомхард 1996, 199).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *vi sg., *va(ŋ)- pl.
Meaning: pers. pron 1sg. "I", 1pl. "we"
Russian meaning: личн. мест. 1 ед. "я", 1 мн. "мы"
Comments: The Sirenik forms with initial m- may reflect the oblique case stem *mVŋ-, or may represent a secondary development (*v- > m-) before the nasal consonant in the begining of the second syllable.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 383
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *vi (-ŋa), *vaŋ-ku-ta
Meaning: pers. pron 1sg. "I", 1pl. "we"
Russian Meaning: личн. мест. 1 ед. "я", 1 мн. "мы"
Sirenik: mǝ́ŋa 1sg., mǝ́-kǝta 1pl.
Chaplino: xwáŋa 1sg., xwáŋ-kuta 1pl.
Naukan: wi 1sg., wáŋ-kuta 1pl.
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: w_ī̆ 1sg., w_aŋ-kuta 1pl., w_aŋ-kunuk 1du.
Chugach (Birket-Smith): xwi 1sg., xwaŋ-kuta 1pl.
Central Alaskan Yupik: w_ī, w_īŋa 1sg., w_aŋ-kuta 1pl.
Chevak (Peripheral): wī, wīŋa 1sg., waŋ-kuta 1pl.
Nunivak (Peripheral): hwi*, kwiŋa*, kʷī, kʷīŋa 1sg., kʷaŋ-kuta, waŋ-kuta* 1pl., kʷaŋ-kuk, waŋ-kuɣunux* 1du.
Norton Sound (Peripheral): wī, wīŋa 1sg., waŋ-kuta 1pl.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 383
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-chev,yupet-nun,yupet-nrts,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *ụvą-ŋa, *ụvạ-ŋ/ɣu-t
Meaning: pers. pron 1sg. "I", 1pl. "we"
Russian meaning: личн. мест. 1 ед. "я", 1 мн. "мы"
Seward Peninsula Inupik: uaŋa 1sg., uaɣut 1pl.
SPI Dialects: W wąŋa* 1sg., waɣuk* 1du., waɣut* 1pl.
North Alaskan Inupik: uvaŋa 1sg., uvaɣut 1pl.
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl uvąŋa* 1sg., uvaɣuk* 1du., uvaɣut* 1pl., Unk wāŋa 1sg., wāɣut 1pl.
Western Canadian Inupik: uvaŋa 1sg., uvaɣut 1pl.
WCI Dialects: Cor, M uvąŋa* 1sg., uvaɣuk* 1du., uvaɣut* 1pl.
Eastern Canadian Inupik: uvaŋa (uvaqa 'me, myself') 1sg., uvaɣut 1pl.
ECI Dialects: Tar uvaʁa [Dor.] 1sg.
Greenlandic Inupik: uaŋa (uvanga*) (uālu 'me too') 1sg., uaɣut 1pl.
GRI Dialects: EG uaʁ̃a 1sg., uaŋit 1pl.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 383
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ɣǝmǝ
Meaning (Rus.): мест. "я"
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɣǝm kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɣǝm, *ɣǝmnǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): личн. мест. 1sg. "я"
Chukchee: ɣǝ́m, ɣǝmǝ́-kǝ loc., ɣǝmnǝ- (I)
Koryak: ɣǝ́mmo, ɣǝmǝ-k loc., ɣǝmnǝ- (I)
Palan: ɣǝ̀mme, ɣǝmǝ̀-kki loc., ɣǝmnǝ- (I)
Alutor: ɣǝ̀mmǝ, ɣǝmǝ̀-kkǝ loc., ɣǝmna-
Comments: Несмотря на гласный заднего ряда в абсолютном падеже в кор., в косвенных падежах основа ведет себя как переднерядная. Неясен -o в абс. падеже. В назначит. падеже в кор. основа ɣǝm-n-, учитывая анологию со способом образования эргатива, притяжательного местоимения и параллелизм падежной парадигмы в данном пункте для множественного числа, следует считать исторической косвенной основой *ɣǝmnǝ-. Другие косвенные падежи образованы от местного падежа.
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *kǝma, *kmi-
Meaning (Rus.): мест. личн. 1sg. я
Itelmen: kǝ̆mma (kǝ̆mm-an poss.) 1, kmi-lwin 2
Itelmen meaning: я 1, я сам 2
West Itelmen: kima, kɨmma (kima-'an poss., kima-'a acc., kima-'ankǝ adr.) 1, kɨmɨ-lɣun 2
West Itelmen meaning: ego 1, 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): ja 1, ja sam 2
South Itelmen: kim (kima-sič poss., ma acc.)
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): ego
Number in Volodin 1976: 169, 175
Stebnitsky reference: 86, 92
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-vol,itelet-steb,
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