North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *wɨ̆ɦwV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sheep, lamb; young of animals

Proto-Nakh: *boħ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *bihV

Proto-Tsezian: *buhV B

Proto-Lak: baIʔa

Proto-Dargwa: *maħV- (?)

Proto-Lezghian: *wɨher (~*wo-)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Obviously an expressive (onomatopoeic) root. It must have originally referred to young horned animals (mostly sheep or goats), but in some languages has come to mean 'ram' or 'sheep' in general. The darg. form (reflected only in the Kait. dialect) has an irregular m- - which is not surprising in a root of this kind.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *boħ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kid

Chechen: büħig

Ingush: bʕijg

Batsbi: boħ

Comments: Chech. and Ing. reflect a diminutive form *boħ-iḳ (Ing. bʕijg is a contraction < *biħiḳ < *boħiḳ). Cf. also Shar. biħig, Khild., Itumk. bʕijg etc.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *bihV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 1-year-old lamb 2 sheep (general term)

Avar: baʕáj 2

Godoberi: beha 1

Comments: An expressive root (cf. also Av. baʕá-di-ze 'to bleat'), but having external parallels.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *buhV B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bull-calf

Tsezi: moħo-di

Ginukh: boju

Gunzib: buhi-do

Comments: PTsKh *bohV- (or rather *bu_hV-, if Tsez. moħo-di is an assimilation < meħo-di; this would better correspond to Gunz. buhido). One can also note Bezht. büʁüdä 'bull-calf' - obviously < *bühüdä under the influence of the Turkic loanword buʁa 'bull'. The Tsez. languages reflect suffixed forms *buhV-dV and *buhV-ju. Nasalisation and pharyngealisation in Tsez. are probably expressive and secondary.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: baIʔa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ram

Lak form: baIʔa

Comments: A colloquial and expressive form, but with parallels in other languages.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *maħV- (?)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sheep (pl.)

Comments: Attested only in Kait. maI-ni (-ni - a plural suffix); obviously expressive.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *wɨher( ~ *wo-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ram 2 ram (about 3 years old)

Lezghian: her 1

Rutul: wɨhɨr 2

Comment: See Хайдаков 1973, 21.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *wɨ̆ɦwV

Meaning: cattle

North Caucasian: *wɨ̆ɦwV ?

Sino-Tibetan: *wa

Burushaski: *biwá

Basque: ? *behi

Comments and references : (Different in BDC 7).

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*wa]

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cattle

Tibetan: ba cow.

Comments: Tsangla wa cow (see Ben. 31).

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *biwá

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: cow

Yasin: biá

Hunza: buá

Nagar: buá

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *Hapo

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hoof (of larger animals) 2 hoof (of smaller animals)

Bizkaian: apo 1, apatx 2

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