North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *tɦVrc̣_wV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dirt; bog

Proto-Nakh: *ṭʡarš

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *tic̣:u

Proto-Tsezian: *tac̣

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Vowel correspondences are not quite clear; perhaps Gunz. -a- is Bokarev's misspelling instead of -ɔ- - in that case this would be a case of PEC *-ŏ-.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ṭʡarš

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: slush, mire

Chechen: ṭq̇arš

Ingush: ṭarš

Comments: There's not enough information to establish the PN vowel length in this root.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *tic̣:u

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bog, marsh

Chamalal: tiṣʷ

Tindi: tic:u

Karata: tic̣:u

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. tic̣u.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *tac̣

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bog

Gunzib: tac̣

Comments: Isolated in Gunz., but having secure external parallels (first of all, in Andian languages).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *tɦVrc̣_wV

Meaning: dirt

North Caucasian: *tɦVrc̣_wV

Basque: *tośka

Comments and references : BDC 8.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *tośka

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: kaolin (fine white clay used in producing porcelain)

Bizkaian: toska

Gipuzkoan: toska

High Navarrese: toska

Low Navarrese: thoska

Lapurdian: thoska

Zuberoan: thoska

Roncalese: toska

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