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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=iʔwV
Meaning: to say
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔVb- Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. One of the verbs with laryngeal root-consonant.
caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ʔVb-
Meaning: say
Avar: ábi-ze
Chadakolob: min-
Comments: In Av. Chad. the verb has passed into -n-conjugation (min- < *(a)bi-n-). The root is isolated in Av., but has reliable external parallels.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ṭu-
Meaning: to say
Lak form: ṭu-n
Comments: Lak. ṭu-n possibly goes back to prefixed *d- + a laryngeal root (cf. analogous forms in Lezgian languages).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ʔV-
Meaning: to say
Akusha: es
Chiragh: ī (inf.)
Comments: Cf. also Ur. ʔ- (pret. i-ra, a-di) id., Chir. aor. i-b, inf. ī.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiʔIʷɨ-
Meaning: say
Lezghian: luhu-
Tabasaran: p-
Agul: p-
Tsakhur: ihe-
Kryz: lɨp-
Budukh: juʔ-
Archi: bo-
Udi: pe-sun
Comment: In Tab., Ag., Kryz., Arch. and Ud. we witness a case of interaction between the root laryngeal (normally reflected as -h-) and the class infix -b- (PL *p:). Cf. the paradigm in Kryz. (inf. lɨpɨ-ǯ < *l-i-b-ʔIʷɨ-, dur. lu-ri, prohib. m-uʔu), Bud. (juʔu, jɨpǝ-ǯi), Arch. (bo-s < *ʔi-p:-ʔIʷɨ-s, dur. wa-r < *ʔiʔIʷa-r without the class infix). In Lezg. and Kryz. there is a *l- preverb; other languages reflect a prefixless form. See Trubetzkoy 1930, 88; Гигинейшвили 1977, 138; Талибов 1980, 277.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: li
North Caucasian etymology: 85
Meaning: say
Khinalug form: li
Comments: Etymology unclear: it could be li < *l-(V)H-i with epenthesis of the laryngeals (with l- as preverb - like in some Lezg. languages). In this case the form could be traced back to PEC *=iʡwV.
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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