North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *jɦĕrq_wɨ̄ (~-ō)

Meaning: slope; ravine, ditch

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *roq:i

Proto-Tsezian: *rɔχ: A

Proto-Lezghian: *je(r)χI:ʷ

Proto-West Caucasian: *q:ʷa

Notes: The EC and WC forms match each other well, both phonetically and semantically. [Abdokov (1983, 95) compares the WC forms with Tab. q:Iar 'bridge' (a Southern dialectal form corresponding to lit. ʁIad) and Arch. qIar 'ravine' (cited as q:Iar) - a form we were unable to identify; this etymology certainly should be rejected.]

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *roq:i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ditch 2 side 3 furrow 4 boundary

Avar: raq: 1,2

Andian language: roq:i 3,4

Akhvakh: raq:e 3,4

Chamalal: jeq:ĩ 3

Karata: req:in 1,4

Godoberi: req:in 3

Comments: Av. paradigm B or C (gen. raq:í-l). Cf. also Kar. Tok. raq:i 'ditch, boundary', Cham. Gig. req:in 'furrow'. Quite strange is Tind. teq:an 'furrow' (why t- ?). Av. > Arch. raq 'boundary'.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *rɔχ: A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 furrow 2 boundary

Tsezi: roχ 2

Ginukh: laχ 1, laχ-da 2

Khvarshi: loχ (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: laχ 1

Gunzib: raχ 1,2

Comments: PTsKh *R[o]χ. Gunz. raχ is probably incorrect instead of rɔχ, cf. Gunz. Nakh. rɔχ.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *je(r)χI:ʷ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 slope, hill-side 2 cheek,one side of anim. snout

Lezghian: jaʁʷ 1

Archi: eχI 2

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Fij. jaχʷa 'slope', Arch. erg. eχI:i (all confirming the reconstruction of *χI:ʷ). The semantic correlation "slope" : "cheek" is rather usual in NC languages. -r- is regularly lost in this position both in Lezg. and in Arch., and may be reconstructed only on basis of external evidence.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 gorge, ravine 2 valley

Adyghe: q:ʷa 1,2

Kabardian: q:ʷa 1,2

Ubykh: qʷa 2

Comments: PAK *q:ʷa. The Ub.-Ad. comparison see in Mészáros 1934,377, Shagirov 1,231 (where he also adduces Ub. q̇Iʷa 'cave' and Abkh. a-q̇ʷara 'rocky river bank' which should be kept apart). This root also should be separated from PAT *ḳʷarV 'ravine, river' (despite Shagirov ibid.) and from Ub. q̇ʷadá 'gutter' (despite Abdokov 1973,55).

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