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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ƛ̣õ A
Meaning: roof
Tsezi: ƛ̣u
Ginukh: ƛ̣u
Khvarshi: ƛ̣ũ
Inkhokvari: ƛ̣ũ
Bezhta: ƛ̣ama (Tlad.)
Gunzib: ƛ̣ɔme (Gunz.)
Comments: PTsKh *ƛ̣ũ; PGB *ƛ̣ɔmV (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. ƛ̣amo). Gunz. (Bokarev) ƛ̣ame 'roof' is obviously a misspelling instead of ƛ̣ɔme. The PTs paradigm must be reconstructed as *ƛ̣õ, *ƛ̣ɔmV- (with the oblique base preserved as direct in PGB; Tsez. ƛ̣imi 'stone for fastening the roof' is also possibly derivable from this stem).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ̣ǝmʔV̆
Meaning: roof
Notes: An Av.-And.-Tsezian isogloss; no parallels in other languages as yet found.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ƛ̣omV
Meaning: 1 skin 2 roof
Avar: ṭom 1
Chadakolob: ṭom 1
Andian language: ƛ̣om / lom 2
Akhvakh: ƛ̣ami / ƛ̣ō̃ 2
Chamalal: am 2
Tindi: ami 2
Karata: ƛ̣ame 2
Botlikh: am 2
Bagvalal: ama 2
Godoberi: lam 2
Comments: Av. paradigm C (ṭomó-l, ṭóma-l). The root means both 'roof' and 'skin' in several languages: in Av. cf. Chad. ṭom, Gid. ƛ̣om, Ants. ƛ̣om / ṭom 'roof'; in Akhv. cf. N.-Akhv. ƛ̣ami 'roof', Tlan. ṭama 'skin', Ratl. ƛ̣ami 'roof; skin'. Cf. also Bagv. Kvan. ḳ́ama, Cham. Gig. am, Gad. nabu ( < *ƛ̣am-bu), Kar. Tok. amʔi. There is certainly no reason to separate forms meaning 'roof' from those meaning 'skin' ('roof of body').
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛ̣ǝŋʔV̆
Meaning: roof, top
Comments and references : LV D5.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛā̆ŋ
Meaning: lift, rise
Tibetan: ldaŋ (p. ldaŋs, laŋs, i. ldoŋ) to rise, to get up, ltoŋs summit.
Lushai: hlāŋ (hlān) to lift up, lift down, tlāŋ a mountain, hill.
Comments: Peiros-Starostin 213; Coblin 125.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 揚
Modern (Beijing) reading: yáng
Preclassic Old Chinese: Łaŋ
Classic Old Chinese: Łaŋ
Western Han Chinese: laŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: źaŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ
Middle Chinese: jaŋ
English meaning : to rise; to raise, set forth, extol, make known; to stir
Russian meaning[s]: 1) поднять руку; поднять; вздымать; 2) возвышать, прославлять; 3) повышать (голос); усиливать (звук); 4) довольный, самодовольный; горделивый; 5) просеивать, веять; 6) обмахивать(ся) (веером); 7) распространять(ся); обнародовать
Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is du'o'ng. Another probable loan from the same source is Viet. nâng 'to raise, elevate' (with nasal assimilation, attested also in some other cases). The same word can be also written as 颺 in the classics ('to rise (of wind)' etc.). Used also for *Łaŋ 'forehead; metal frontlet of a horse'.
Radical: 64
Four-angle index: 4387
Karlgren code: 0720 j-o
Go-on: yau
Kan-on: yau
Japanese reading: yō+;ageru+;agaru+
Vietnamese reading: dang
Shijing occurrences: 47.2, 47.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1399
Character: 揚
MC description : 宕開三平陽以
ZIHUI: 2254 2361
Beijing: iaŋ 12
Jinan: iaŋ 12
Xi'an: iaŋ 12
Taiyuan: ia_̃ 1
Hankou: iaŋ 12
Chengdu: iaŋ 12
Yangzhou: iâŋ 12
Suzhou: iaŋ 12
Wenzhou: ɦi 12
Changsha: ian 12
Shuangfeng: iaŋ 12
Nanchang: iɔŋ 31
Meixian: jɔŋ 12
Guangzhou: jö_ŋ 12
Xiamen: iɔŋ 12
Chaozhou: iaŋ 12
Fuzhou: yɔŋ 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVNV
Meaning : roof, cover
globet-meaning,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *lV́miʔ
Meaning: to fold, wrap
Austroasiatic meaning: wrap
Proto-Austronesian: *lumiq
Austronesian meaning: to fold, hem
Proto-Thai: liem.B to wrap with gold; kruam.A to cover; glum.A to wrap in blanket
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: lVm
Meaning: wrap
Thai: liem.B to wrap with gold CK
Khmer: liǝm < ? Thai
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kmr,aaet-pawa,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *ṣVr
Meaning: tiger
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-prde,pawaet-pran,
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Wa etymology :
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Proto-Wa:
Meaning: civet-cat
Paraok: sua
Paraok meaning: civet-cat
Wa: sɔn
Wa meaning: civet-cat
Ava: sua
Lawa: sɔ
Lawa meaning: civet-cat
References: D-156: *sAr/l
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-meng,prwaet-mengme,prwaet-mas,prwaet-lawa,prwaet-lawame,prwaet-bib,
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Plang etymology :
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Proto-Plang: *sɔr
Meaning: civet-cat
Bulang: sɔh.1
Bulang meaning: civet-cat
Samtao (Diffloth): sɔl.1
Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: civet-cat
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-sad,prplet-sadme,
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De'ang etymology :
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Proto-De'ang: *sar
Meaning: civet cat
De'ang: ʔǝsü:r; WW: sar
De'ang-1: san
De'ang-2: saɨ.2
prdeet-meaning,prdeet-prnum,prdeet-dea,prdeet-dea1,prdeet-dea3,
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Angku etymology :
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Proto-Angku: *ṣiar
Meaning: civet-cat
Pangpin: chiar.51
Gantang: ṣa.51
References: WW-83
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-bib,
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