Tsezian etymology : List with all references

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *=[ǝ]c̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Tsezi: =ic̣c̣äsi

Ginukh: =ič̣iš

Khvarshi: =ejc̣u

Inkhokvari: =ec̣c̣u

Bezhta: oc̣iro (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ǝc̣ǝru

Comments: All forms are verbal adjectives from the verb PTs *=[ǝ]c̣- 'be full, get filled up', cf. PTsKh *=ec̣- >Tsez. =ic̣-, Gin. =ič̣-, Khv. (caus.) =ec̣-χ-, PGB *=ǝc̣- > Bezht. =oc̣-, Gunz. =ǝc̣-. The vowel correspondence between PTsKh *-e- and PGB *-ǝ- is irregular.

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ɦŏc̣V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full, to fill

Proto-Nakh: *=uc̣-i(na)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=ic̣-

Proto-Tsezian: *=[ǝ]c̣-

Proto-Lak: =u=c̣u-

Proto-Dargwa: *=ic̣-

Proto-Lezghian: *hIac̣ɨ-

Proto-Khinalug: c̣i

Proto-West Caucasian: *zA

Notes: A secure common NC root, serving in both verbal and adjectival functions. It is usually accompanied by class prefixes; however, comparing PL *hIac̣ɨ- and the Av. Ablaut stem ʕorc̣- (with infixed -r-) we may reconstruct the initial laryngeal *ɦ-, superseded by class prefixes in most languages.

See Trubetzkoy 1930, 275.

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *=uc̣-i(na)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Chechen: =üz-na

Ingush: =iza

Batsbi: =uc̣-inŏ

Comments: A participle form from PN *=uc̣- "to be filled, satiated" (Chech. =uz-, Bacb. =uc̣-). It is rather probable, that PN *=ac̣-i(n) 'heavy' (Chech., Ing. =eza, Bacb. =ac̣ĩ, Cheb. =azĩ, Khild. =eʒĭ etc; the pure root is preserved in Chech. =az-dan "make expensive", Bacb. =ac̣-dar "make heavy") is an Ablaut variant of the same stem.

nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *=ic̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 full 2 to fill

Avar: c̣ura-b 1

Chadakolob: č̣ura-b 1

Andian language: =uc̣i-b 1

Akhvakh: =eč̣e-da 1

Chamalal: =ic̣i-dda 1

Tindi: =ec̣u-b 1

Karata: =ec̣- 2

Botlikh: hi-c̣- 2

Bagvalal: =ec̣- 2

Godoberi: =ec̣i-bu 1

Comments: The word for "full" is actually a participle of the verb *=ic̣- 'to get full, satiated', cf. Av. c̣e- (with Ablaut: ʕorc̣- "be satiated"), Chad. č̣e-, Akhv. =eč̣- (Tseg., Tlan. =ič̣-), And. =ic̣-, Cham. =ic̣-, Tind. =ec̣-, God. =ec̣-.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: =u=c̣u-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Lak form: =u=c̣u-s:a

Comments: A derivate from the verb =u=c̣i- (g. pr. =u=c̣u-nu) 'fill, be filled' (Khosr. =u=c̣i-n id.).

laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *=ic̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Akusha: =ic̣i=si

Chiragh: =ic̣i=ze

Comments: The word is derived from *=ic̣- 'to fill' (cf. Ur., Chir. =ic̣-/=irc̣-).

darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *hIac̣ɨ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Lezghian: ac̣aj

Tabasaran: ac̣u

Agul: ac̣uf

Rutul: ac̣ɨd

Tsakhur: ǵac̣ɨn

Kryz: ʕac̣äd

Budukh: sǝc̣ǝ

Archi: āc̣a-t:ut

Udi: buj

Comment: The basic root is verbal, "to fill", cf. Lezg. ac̣u- (praet. ac̣u-na), Tab. a=c̣-, Ag. ac̣- (Bursh. ac̣i-), Rut. term. a=c̣ɨ-r, Tsakh. ǵ-a=c̣a-, Arch. ā=c̣a-, Bud. s-a=c̣-. Initial *hI- is reconstructed mainly on basis of the Kryz ʕ- (and possibly the Arch. vowel length) which, however, may be a prefix. In some languages the attributive form means also 'thick' (Tab. ac̣u, Lezg. Khl. jac̣ɨ).

Cf. Лексика 1971, 255; Гигинейшвили 1977, 100.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: c̣i

North Caucasian etymology: 44

Meaning: full, fill

Khinalug form: c̣i

khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *zA

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Abkhaz: á-zna

Abaza: azna(ta)

Adyghe: jǝz

Kabardian: jǝz

Ubykh: ʁa-zá

Comments: PAT *(a)zǝ-na; PAK *jǝ́-zǝ. All the forms (including Ub. ʁa-zá) contain pronominal prefixes.

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ɦŏsṭV́

Meaning: full

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ɦŏc̣V

Sino-Tibetan: *ch[ā]ŋ

Yenisseian: *ʔute (~x-)

Burushaski: *c̣ik

Basque: *ośo

Comments and references : HGC 19, SCE 108. Cf. also Bsq. *aśe '(be) satiated, eat one's fill'.

sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ch[ā]ŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: complete, entire, exhaust

Tibetan: chaŋ be complete, full; ãʒaŋs spend, consumed, exhausted.

Kachin: (H) saŋ be exhausted.

Lushai: sēŋ (sēn) completely, entirely; to use, use up.

Lepcha: tjaŋ complete, universal (obsolete)

Comments: Cf. also Naga *SVŋ 'full'.

stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔute (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: full

Ket: ūt 'full', utal⁶ iʔ "all day long", utalǝŋ⁵ ɛkŋ⁵ "all days long"

Yug: ūt, pl. utiŋ⁵ "full"

Kottish: ūti; ūtam "wholly, completely"

Comments: ССЕ 201. Werner 2, 381-382.

yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *c̣ik

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: all

Yasin: c̣ik

Comments: ? Cf. also Hun., Nag. ṣek `full'.

buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-notes,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *ośo

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 whole, entire, complete 2 healthy

Bizkaian: oso 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: oso 1

High Navarrese: oso 1, 2

Low Navarrese: oso 1, 2

Salazarese: oso 1

Lapurdian: oso 1

Baztanese: oso 1

Aezkoan: oso 1

Zuberoan: óso 1, 2

Roncalese: oso 1

Comments: Cf. *aśe 'to fill, sate', which seems to be an ablaut variant.

basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : WVNCV

Meaning : full, all

Eurasiatic : *wV(n)CV

Afroasiatic : Cush. *HVč̣-, Omot. *č̣V- full

Sino-Caucasian : *=ɦŏsṭV́

African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *[h]wǝ "all".

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-afr,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *wV(n)CV

Meaning: full, all

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *wisw-

Uralic: *weńćV~ *wećV

Kartvelian: *wś-

Dravidian: *viS-

References: ND 2454a *wić/ć̣V ~ *wEńć/ć̣V 'all' (IE + Ur + Drav + ?Om.).

nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *(e)wisw-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: any, every, all

Old Indian: viṣu- (in comp.) `in various directions, on both sides'; ? + víśva- 'all, every'

Avestan: višpa-ɵa `ringsum allenthalben'; vīspa- 'jeder, all; sg. auch ganz'

Other Iranian: OPers vispa- 'jeder, all; sg. auch ganz'

Old Greek: íso-, ep. ī̂so- and eíso-, Cret., Arc. wiswos , cf. gisgón = íson (Hsch.), later híso- (Ephesus IV BC, etc.) 'equal'

Slavic: *vьśь

Baltic: *wis-a- adj.

Russ. meaning: каждый, все

References: WP I 312 f

piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: весь,

Near etymology: вся, всё, во́все, укр. уве́сь, усе́, уся́, блр. уве́сь, др.-русск. вьсь, вься, вьсе (только один раз вин. п. ед. ч. ж. вьху; см. Хутынск. грам. XII в.), ст.-слав. вьсь, вьс, вьсе πᾶς, ὅλος, болг. се "всё (время)", сербохорв. са̏в, сва̏, све̏, словен. vès, др.-чеш. veš, ж. všě, ср. р. vše, др.-польск. wszy, wsza, wsze. Фонетически возможно только праслав. vьxъ, *vьxa, *vьxo. О форме *vьsi̯o-, вопреки Мейе (MSL 8, 291), исправившему свою ошибку в MSl 11, 8 и сл., не может быть и речи. Старая основа на -о засвидетельствована наличием ѣ в ст.-слав., др.-русск. вьсѣмъ, вьсѣми, вьсѣхъ (не -и-!). Ср. также Брандт, Сб. Миллеру 305 и сл.; Лоренц, KZ 37, 265; Гуйер, LF 30, 441 и сл. (Против, однако без веских аргументов, см. Ягич, AfslPh 22, 258).

Further etymology: Родственно лит. vìsas, лтш. viss "весь, целый", др.-прусск. wissa- "весь", далее, др.-инд. víc̨vas "каждый, весь, целый", авест., др.-перс. vīspa-. Затруднительно ввиду др.-инд. c̨; см. Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 289; Буга, РФВ 73, 341; Траутман, BSW 362 и сл.; Apr. Sprd. 464; М. -- Э. 4, 625; Эндзелин, СБЭ 69 и сл.; Мейе, Et. 239; ср. также Бругман, Total. 71.

Trubachev's comments: [Необходимо указать этимологию Микколы ("Studi baltici" З, 1933, стр. 132), доказывающую происхождение слав. vьsь, лит. vìsas "весь" от основы со знач. "размножать, выводить"; ср. лит. veĩsti "выводить", veislė̃ "выводок, род"; ср. еще аналогичное нем. all "весь": гот. alan "растить", а также лат. totus "весь": и.-е *teu- "увеличиваться, разрастаться"; см. Эрну -- Мейе³, 1232; Пизани, "Paideia", 8, N^o 4 -- 5, 1953, стр. 292. -- Т.]

Pages: 1,304-305

vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *wis-a- adj.

Meaning: whole

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: vìsa- `ganz', pl. `alle', vìs `alle, stets, in einem fort, trotzdem', visái `ganz, gänzlich, vollständig, durchaus'

Lettish: viss `ganz, all; alles'

Old Prussian: wissa 'all(erlei)', wisse-mokin, -mukin 'allmächtig'

baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 2198

Root: u̯ī̆-1

English meaning: separate from; both, two

German meaning: `auseinander' eigentlich `entzwei', auch `zwei'

General comments: (s. u̯ī-k̂m̥t-ī)

Material: Ai. ví- `auseinander', av. vī̆- `auseinander; abseits, getrennt von; entgegen; durch und durch' (auch viš-: viš-pat- `weggehen'); ai. viṣu- `nach verschiedenen Seiten' in viṣuṇa- `verschiedenartig', viṣu-rūpa- `verschiedengestaltig' u. dgl., viṣuva- n. `aequinoctium', viṣuvant- `in der Mitte befindlich, nach beiden Seiten gleich', viṣv-añc- `nach beiden (allen) Seiten gewandt, auseinandergehend', ai. viṣva-dryan̄k `überallhin gehend', av. višpaɵa Adv. `ringsum allenthalben' (*u̯isu- und *u̯isu̯o-; daneben *u̯iso- in:) lit. vìsas, lett. viss, apr.wissa- `all'; aksl. vьsь `all, ganz'; mit derselben Bed. `all' aus `nach allen Seiten auseinandergegangen, umfänglich' und idg. k̂-Suffix: ai. víśva- `jeder, all', av. vī̆spa-, ар.vispa- `ds.'; Sg. auch `ganz' (*u̯ik̂u̯o-; daraus auch apers. visa- mit regelrechter Südwest-Entwicklung von -śv-);

zum St. *u̯isu-, u̯isu̯o- vermutlich auch gr. ίσος, ἴσος `gleich' (für das andrerseits Herleitung aus *u̯idsu̯os zu *u̯eid- `erblicken' erwogen wird);

lat. vitium `Fehler, Gebrechen, Schaden' als *u̯i-ti-om `*Abweichung'; vituperō, -āre `verderbe, tadle' (vitium + parāre); dazu lat. vitilīgō f. `Hautausschlag'.

Komparativ *u̯itero-: ai. vítara- `weiter führend', vitarám `weiter, ferner', av. vītarǝm `seitwärts', vītara- `der weitere, spätere', ōiɵra (d. i. viɵra) Adv. `besonders, getrennt', got. wiþra Adv. und Präp. m. Akk. `gegen, wider, gegenüber, vor', aisl. viðr Adv. und Präp. m. Dat. Akk. `gegen, wider, mit, bei' (auch við nach Paaren wie norðr : norð), ags. wið Adv. und Präp. m. Gen. Dat. Akk. `gegen, gegenüber, wider, entlang, mit', wiðer- in Kompositis, ahd. widar Adv. `gegen, zurück, wiederum', Präp. m. Dat. Akk. `gegen, gegenüber, wider'; lat. vielleicht in vītricus `Stiefvater', ursprünglich `der zweite', oder `der entferntere Vater' (aber ahd. entrig, das an der einzigen Stelle, wo es vorkommt (11. Jh.), `transtiberinus' übersetzt, wird eher zu enont `jenseits' gehören); aksl. vъtorъ `alter, secundus' (aus *vьtorъ).

References: WP. I 312 f., WH. II 80, 808, Vasmer 1, 192 f., 237, Trautmann 362 f.

Pages: 1175-1176

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1154

Proto: *weńćV ~ *wećV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: all, whole

German meaning: ganz, all

Mordovian: veśe, veśi, väśij 'ganz; alle, all'

Udmurt (Votyak): voč́-ak (S), viś-ak , vić-ak, vi̮ć, voć (G) 'alle, jeder, ganz' ?

Komi (Zyrian): vać (S, SO) 'ganz und gar, совсем, совершенно' ( > Khanty Kaz. wǫtśa 'zusammen', O ot́śa 'ganz'; Khanty > Mansi N уча 'целый, весь') ?

Hungarian: össze (altung., dial. öszve) 'zusammen, aneinander' ?

Nganasan (Tawgi): bánsa 'all'

Kamass: bшšša 'heil, ganz'

uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-ugr,uralet-nga,uralet-kam,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *weś- / wś-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: наполнять(ся)

English meaning: to be filled

Georgian: vs-

Megrel: (p)š-

Svan: gweš-, gwš-

Laz: pš-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 86, EWK 133-134.

kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *viS-

Meaning : 1 all 2 big, great

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *vIj- (*-s-)

Proto-Telugu : *vej- (?)

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vis-

dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-gnd,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *vIj- (*-s-)

Meaning : extension, great

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : viyam

Tamil meaning : extensiveness, height

Tamil derivates : viyal greatness, width, expansion, extension, vastness, abundance; viyaluḷ wide, open space; viyan_ greatness, vastness, excellence; vēn_ excess

Malayalam : viyam

Malayalam meaning : extension

Number in DED : 5404

sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *vej-

Meaning : a thousand (pl. vēlu)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : vēyi

Dialectal forms (1) : veyi

Dialectal forms (2) : veyyi

Additional forms : Also (M. K. Ch) vēyu, veyu id.; vēna-vēlu (M. K. Ch also vēnaku vēlu) thousands by thousands; (M. K. Ch) vēla koladi many (for kolãdi see 1827; lit. count of thousands) (comm. by M. Kandappa Chetty)

Number in DED : 5404

telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-tel_3,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vis-

Meaning : all

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : vizu

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *viz-

gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : vizu

Meaning: all

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda vizer all men, all people

Number in DED : 5387

konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,

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Pengo-Manda etymology :

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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *viz-

Meaning : all

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : vizu

Manda : vija

Additional Forms : Also Pengo vizar, Manda vijar all men, all people

Number in DED : 5387

pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-addition,pemet-dednum,

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