Tsezian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Tsezian: *=uχ:ʷ- B

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to come

Tsezi: neχw-

Ginukh: noχ-

Khvarshi: =iχw-

Inkhokvari: =uχ-

Comments: PTsKh *=u_χʷ-.

Proto-North Caucasian: *=iχ_wV ( ~ -q_-)

Meaning: to go, to come, to enter

Proto-Tsezian: *=uχ:ʷ- B

Proto-Lak: =u=χ:a-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiχ(:)e ( ~ -ɨ)

Proto-Khinalug: =χi

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. In the Lezg.-Khin. area the root is used only as a part of suppletive paradigms of other motion verbs.

Lak root: =u=χ:a-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to enter

Lak form: =u=χ:a-n

Comments: G. pr. =u=χ:u-n. Cf. Khosr. =u=χ:a-n id. In the imperative mood (=uχ:u) the root is also used with the meaning 'to come'.

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiχ(:)e ( ~ -ɨ)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to enter 2 to come 3 to go

Agul: χi- 3 (Bursh.)

Rutul: =ɨrɨχ 3 (imper.)

Kryz: -χä(ri) 2

Budukh: -χa(ri) 2

Comment: In Ag. the root is also used with different preverbs as part of the suppletive paradigm of the verbs 'to come' and 'to enter', for building the infinitive and aorist forms (h-aχi-s 'to come', aχi-s 'to enter'). In Kryz. and Bud. the root is used only within a compound with PL *ʔiš:e- (q.v.), in the present and prohibitive forms (Kryz. ʕuš-χä-ri, proh. ʕumäš-χä 'to come', Bud. ʕaš-χa-ri, proh. ʕamaš-χar 'to come, to enter'). Cf. perhaps also Bud. q̇-a=χ- 'to find' (*'come upon').

There is some confusion in PL between this root and *ʔiχ:e- 'to carry' (q.v.): they are, in fact, opposed only in Rutul - but even here they can be viewed as reflecting different Ablaut grades of a single root (for the motion verb cf. also Rut. qI-aχIɨ- (term.) 'to go away' /with pharyngealization on analogy with the suppletive dur. stem qI-uʁIu- < PL *ʔiq:Iʷä- q.v./, imper. qɨ=rɨχ). In Agul the meaning 'to carry, bring' is typical for the Richa dialect (χ-as), while the meaning 'to come' is typical for Burshag (χi-s), where the meaning 'to carry' is rendered as wa-χi-s with a preverb. External evidence, however, suggests that this situation is due to confusion of similar PEC roots: *=īχ_V 'to carry' and *=iχ_wV 'to go, come'.

Khinalug root: =χi

North Caucasian etymology: 401

Meaning: to go

Khinalug form: =χi

Comments: Used within the suppletive paradigm together with -ʁi q.v.

Tsezian etymology :

North Caucasian etymology :

Lak etymology :

Lezghian etymology :

Khinalug etymology :