Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *bõƛ̣V A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 beak 2 mouth, lip

Tsezi: buƛ̣i 1

Ginukh: miƛ̣u 1

Khvarshi: maƛ̣u (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: maIƛ̣u 2

Bezhta: moƛ̣o 1

Gunzib: moƛ̣o 1

Comments: PTsKh *bũƛ̣V (in Inkh., Khvarsh. and Gin. one must suppose a vowel metathesis); PGB *mɨƛ̣o. Pharyngealized articulation recorded sometimes in Cez. (buIƛ̣i) and Inkh. (maIƛ̣u) must be secondary. Cf. also Gin. miƛ̣o-qoju 'bridle' = Tsez. moIƛ̣o-qow id. (preserving nasalisation).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *wĕnƛ̣V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beak; horn; head

Proto-Nakh: *marʎo

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *buƛ̣V (~ *biƛ̣ʷV)

Proto-Tsezian: *bõƛ̣V A

Proto-Lak: baḳ

Proto-Dargwa: *beḳ

Proto-Lezghian: *woƛ̣ul

Proto-Khinalug: miḳir

Notes: Reconstructed for PEC. Some languages (Av., PL, Khin.) reflect a suffixed form *wĕnƛ̣V-lV̄.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *marʎo

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: nose

Chechen: mara

Ingush: meraž

Batsbi: marʎŏ

Comments: Obl. base *marʎi- (cf. Chech. mera-, Ing. mera-ž - originally a suffixed form; cf. also Bacb. majrʎa < *marʎi-ja "face"). 6th class in chech, Bacb., but 4th class in Ing. Cf. also Shar., Itumk. marhŏ "nose".

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *buƛ̣V (~ *biƛ̣ʷV)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 head 2 horn

Avar: beṭér 1

Chadakolob: beṭer 1

Karata: buƛ̣a 2

Comments: Av. paradigm B ( boṭró-l, buṭrú-l; Chad. boṭró-l, boṭró-l). Cf. also Kar. Anch. bulʔa, Chab. buṭa "horn".

Lak etymology :

Lak root: baḳ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: head

Lak form: baḳ

Comments: 4th class. Khosr. baḳ (3d class). An archaic obl. stem *wVḳV-rV- > ḳara- can be seen in the derivate ḳara-lu (Khosr. ḳaralu) 'pillow' (lit. "under head").

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *beḳ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: head

Akusha: beḳ

Chiragh: beḳ

Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kub. biḳ etc.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *woƛ̣ul

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: head

Lezghian: q̇il

Tabasaran: ḳul

Agul: ḳil

Rutul: uq̇ul

Tsakhur: wuq̇ul

Kryz: q̇ɨl

Budukh: q̇ɨl

Archi: ƛ̣il-li-ƛ̣

Udi: bul

Comment: The initial syllable vanished in the weak position in most languages, but is preserved in Tsakh., Rut. (uq̇ul, huq̇ul or q̇ul in different dialects) and Ud. (where bul < *buʔul < *woƛ̣ul; cf. also *woƛ̣V-rV > Ud. ber 'pillow'). The Archi form is an original locative and means 'under the head'; PL *ƛ̣ should have given Arch. ḳ, but has been preserved in this exceptional form as a result of assimilation with the sublative *-ƛ̣:. The word belongs uniformly to the 3d class (in Rut., Tsakh., Kryz. and Bud.)

    See Талибов 1960а, 295; Лексика 1971, 107; Гигинейшвили 1977, 69.

Khinalug etymology :

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *wĕnƛ̣V́

Meaning: head

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *wĕnƛ̣V

Sino-Tibetan: *lŭH

Burushaski: *-múltur ?

Basque: *mutu-r̄

Comments and references : HGC 19.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lŭH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: head

Chinese: 首 *sluʔ head.

Lushai: lu the head.

Chinese characters :

Character: 首

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: sluʔ

Classic Old Chinese: l̥ú

Western Han Chinese: l̥ǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: śǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: śíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: śǝ́w

Middle Chinese: śǝ́w

English meaning : head

Russian meaning[s]: 1) голова; глава; лидер, предводитель; первый; быть первым; старший; возглавлять, стоять во главе; 2) прежде всего, сначала; на первых порах; 3) глава, отрывок (в книге); 4) счетный суффикс стихотворений; [shǒu shòu] явиться с повинной; признать себя виновным; покаяться

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is thu`. Cf. perhaps also Viet. sọ 'cranium, skull'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 185

Four-angle index: 1712

Karlgren code: 1102 a-c

Vietnamese reading: so`

Shijing occurrences: 42.1, 57.2

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 872

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 首

MC description : 流開三上有書

ZIHUI: 7445 1543

Beijing: ṣou 2

Jinan: ṣou 2

Xi'an: ṣou 2

Taiyuan: sou 2

Hankou: sou 2

Chengdu: sǝu 2

Yangzhou: sôɨ 2

Suzhou: söy 2

Wenzhou: śiu 21

Changsha: ṣôu 2

Shuangfeng: śiû 2

Nanchang: sǝu 2

Meixian: su 2

Guangzhou: šau 21

Xiamen: siu 2

Chaozhou: siu 21

Fuzhou: sieu 2

Shanghai: sôɨ 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: šiou 2

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-múltur

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: nostril

Hunza: -múltur

Nagar: -múltur

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *mutu-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 snout, muzzle 2 end, edge

Bizkaian: mutur 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: mutur 1

High Navarrese: mutur 1

Low Navarrese: muthur 1, (Aldude) 1, 2

Salazarese: mutur 1

Lapurdian: muthur 1, 2

Baztanese: mutur 1, 2

Aezkoan: mutur 1

Zuberoan: mǘthür 1

Roncalese: mutur 1

Comments: Phonetic development seems to have been *murtu-r̄ > *mutur̄, with dissimilation. Cf. *mutil < *murti-l. *mutu-r̄ is a distinct etymon from *muśtu-r̄, q.v.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : WVNLV

Meaning : head

Sino-Caucasian : *wĕnƛ̣V́

Austric : PAA *Cǝlǝ, PAN *qulu 'head'.

Reference : GE 51 *luk.

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *lU

Meaning: head

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *Cǝlǝ

Austroasiatic meaning: head

Miao-Yao parallels: *lo mouth?

Proto-Austronesian: *qulu

Austronesian meaning: head

Austronesian code: 19:81

Proto-Thai: klau.C head

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *lǝ

Meaning: head

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: klau.C head

Proto-Katuic: *lʌ

Khmer: rǝla: < OK rla: V?

Proto-Palaungic: VIII khlaʔ.55

Proto-Khmu: *lǝʔ

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *lʌ

Meaning: head

Presyllable: pǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *lǝ

Proto-East Katuic: *lʌ

References: P-382; TK5.73

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *lǝ

Meaning: head

Presyllable: pǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: plǝ.T

Bru Van Keu meaning: head

So: plʌ.N

So meaning: the head

Bru: phlʌ:.N

Bru meaning: the head

Sou: plǝ:

Kui: plâ:.N

Kui meaning: head, skull

Kuay: plâ:.N

Kuay meaning: head

Ngeu: plâ:.N

Ngeu meaning: head

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *lʌ

Meaning: head

Presyllable: pǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: plo:.L

Pakoh meaning: head

Taojh: plu:

Taojh meaning: head (PT-147); plɔ: (VL)

Lao Katu: plo

Lao Katu meaning: head

Ngeq: plǝ

Ngeq meaning: head

Chatong: plǝ:

Kantu dialects: pla:w

Triw: plʌ:

Dakkan dialects (1): plʌ:

Dakkan dialects (2): plǝ:

Dakkan meaning: head

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: rǝla:

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: rla:

Old Khmer Meaning: skull

References: P410

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