Tsezian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩχ:ʷ- A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to slaughter

Tsezi: =eχʷ-ad- (Radzhibov)

Ginukh: =eχʷ-

Khvarshi: =iχʷ-ad-

Inkhokvari: =uχ-ad-

Bezhta: =ũχ- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ũχ-

Comments: PTsKh *=iχʷ-; PGB *=ũχ- (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. =uχ-).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ilq_wV- (/*=ilχ_wV-)

Meaning: to kill, slaughter

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iq:ʷ-

Proto-Tsezian: *=ĩχ:ʷ- A

Proto-Lak: =iχ:a-

Proto-Dargwa: *=Vlχ:ʷ-/*=ulχ:-

Proto-West Caucasian: *q́Iʷa

Notes: The "tense" stem *-ilq_wV- ( / *-ilχ_wV) is usually transitive ("to kill (plur. obj.), to slaughter") and opposed to the "lax" intransitive stem *-ilqwV- (/*-ilχwV) "to die (plur. subj.), to die out". This semantic opposition is rather obscured in Dargwa dialects, where the meanings are sometimes reversed, and sometimes organized in another way (e.g. in Chirag: -elχ:ʷ- 'to kill' vs. -elχʷ- 'to slaughter'), probably because of the intermixture of the two stems. WC languages have preserved only the "tense" stem, used only within compounds, thus it is difficult to formulate the precise meaning of the morpheme in PWC.

In both cases Av.-And. languages (and WC, although here only one variant of the stem was preserved) reflect affricates, while other languages reflect fricatives; a situation which is quite unique and does not occur elsewhere.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=iq:ʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to slaughter

Avar: q:ʷé-

Chadakolob: qʷ(el)-

Andian language: =iq:-

Akhvakh: =iq:-ur-

Chamalal: =uq:-

Tindi: =uq:-

Karata: =iq:ʷ-

Botlikh: =eq:-

Bagvalal: =iq:-

Godoberi: =eq:-

Comments: Cf. also Kar. Tok. =eq:ʷ-, Akhv. Tlan., Ratl. =uq:- etc.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: =iχ:a-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: slaughter

Lak form: =iχ:a-n

Comments: G.pr. =i=χ:u-n. Cf. Khosr. =iχ:ʷa-n id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=Vlχ:ʷ-/*=ulχ:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 die out 2 kill

Akusha: alχe-s 1

Chiragh: =elχ:ʷ-/=ulχ:-

Comments: Cf. also Ur. =alχʷ(n)-/ulχ- 'die out'.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *q́Iʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dead body

Abaza: qʷa-di

Adyghe: ħāda

Kabardian: ħada

Comments: Abaz. qʷadi and PAK *ħadá reflect a common WC compound *q́Iʷa-dV (with *dV 'die' q.v. in the second part). The Ubykh counterpart would be a morpheme like χʷa-, which is not attested. However, Ub. has dǝ-wá- 'to die' with the morpheme -wa- of unclear origin. Since Ub. w can go back to PWC *ʁ́Iʷ, it is probable that Ub. dǝ-wá- is a result of secondary assimilation: dǝwá- < *dǝ-ʁ́Iʷa- < *dǝ-q́Iʷa-, containing the same morphemes as Abaz. qʷadi and PAK *ħadá.

The original meaning of the morpheme *q́Iʷa (which occurs only within compounds) was probably 'to be killed, slaughtered' (cf. the external evidence).