Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *χ:emuχ: (~ʁ)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: root

Bezhta: χemuχ

Gunzib: χumuχ

Comments: PGB *χemuχ (-u- in the first syllable in Gunz. is a result of assimilation).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *mɨ̆rq_wă ( ~ -ā-, -ǝ̆)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: root

Proto-Tsezian: *χ:emuχ: (~ʁ)

Proto-Lak: marχ:a

Proto-Dargwa: *marq:ʷa

Proto-Lezghian: *marqʷ

Proto-West Caucasian: *pǝ̃χʷǝ

Notes: Correspondences are regular. The root is securely reconstructed for PNC.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: marχ:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: root

Lak form: marχ:a

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *marq:ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 stump 2 root

Akusha: marq:a 1

Chiragh: marq:wa 2

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *marqʷ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 root 2 stake

Agul: marqIʷ 1

Udi: maq 3

Comment: Within Agul (Richa dialect) the word has partially contaminated with another PL root *malq̇Iʷ q.v. (which explains the Agul pharyngealization); Arch. marχ:u 'root' is obviously a Lak. loanword.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *pǝ̃χʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 carrot 2 maize stalk

Abkhaz: á-pħʷ (Bzyb.) 2

Adyghe: pχǝ 1

Kabardian: pχǝ 1

Ubykh: mǝχǝ́ 2

Comments: The PAK form *pχǝ corresponds very well to Abkh. and Ub. (semantically: *'root' > a) '(maize) stalk'; b) 'carrot'). The comparison with Abaz. šʷχǝ 'carrot' (Shagirov 2,24) is phonetically impossible. Adygh > Osset. äpχä 'carrot' (see Abayev 1, 171).

    Variations in labialisation (*χʷ / *χ) are explained by dissimilation to the initial labial consonant.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mɨ̆́rqwă ( ~ -xq-, -ā-, -ǝ̆)

Meaning: root

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *mɨ̆rq_wă ( ~ -ā-, -ǝ̆)

Sino-Tibetan: LB *mLok ( ~ -r-) 'yam' ?

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : MVRKV

Meaning : horn; root

Eurasiatic : *mVrgV

Afroasiatic : *mVrḳ- 'tendon, horn' (Cush., Chad.)

Sino-Caucasian : *mɨ̆́r(x)qwă ( ~ -ā-, -ǝ̆) (+ *mħĕlxq̇wV̄́ 706)

Reference : ND 1454 (for SH).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVrgV

Meaning: horn

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *mreK-

Altaic: Mong. mörge- 'to butt', Evk. mormūkān 'рога молодого оленя'

Dravidian: *marg-

References: Cf. *mVrḳV

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *mreK-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: marrow, sinciput

Old Greek: brekhmó-s m.; brékhma n., brégma n. `Vorderkopf, Oberschädel'

Germanic: *brag-n-a- n.

Russ. meaning: головной мозг, темя

References: WP II 314

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *bragna-n

Meaning: brain

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: brägn (brägen, bragen), -es n. `brain'

English: brain

Old Frisian: brein

Middle Dutch: brein `hersenen', dial. brāgen

Dutch: brein

Middle Low German: brāgen, brēgen

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1336

Root: mregh-m(n)o-

English meaning: brain

German meaning: `Hirnschale, Hirn'

Material: Gr. βρεχμός, βρέχμα n. (und βρέγμα) `Vorderkopf, Oberschädel', ags. bregen, brægen n. `Gehirn' (engl. brain), afries. brein, mnd. bragen, bregen, nhd. Brägen m. ds.

References: WP. II 314.

Pages: 750

PIE database: PIE database

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *mar-[g-]

Meaning : horn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *mar-

Proto-North Dravidian : *marg-

Brahui : marg_h_

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *mar-

Meaning : horn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : maruppu

Tamil meaning : horn of a beast, elephant's husk, part of a lute, branch of a tree, horns of crescent moon, ginger

Number in DED : 4720

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *marg-

Meaning : horn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : marAg "horn, antler"

Malto : margu "horns"

Additional forms : Also MLT margo male deer.

Number in DED : 4720

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : marg_h_

Meaning : horn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 4720

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