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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *riƛ A (~*l-)
Meaning: meat
Tsezi: reƛ
Khvarshi: liƛ
Inkhokvari: liƛ
Comments: PTsKh *Riƛ.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *rä̆ƛ̣_ɨ̆
Meaning: meat, flesh
Proto-West Caucasian: *ĹA Notes: One of the best preserved common NC roots. Correspondences are completely regular (in PWC palatalized *Ĺ because of a late WC shift *L > *Ĺ; a hard *L is absent in PWC). See Trubetzkoy 1922, 240, 243; 1930, 278; Lafon 1964; Abdokov 1983, 82.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *dilχu
Meaning: 1 meat 2 fleshy part of body
Chechen: dilχa 2
Ingush: dulχ 1
Batsbi: ditχĭ 1
Comments: 3d class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *riƛ̣:i
Meaning: meat
Andian language: riƛ̣:i
Akhvakh: riƛ̣:i
Chamalal: jiƛ̣:
Tindi: riƛ̣:i
Karata: riƛ̣:i
Botlikh: riƛ̣:i
Bagvalal: riƛ̣:
Godoberi: riƛ̣:i
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. reƛ̣:i.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: diḳ
Meaning: meat
Lak form: diḳ
Comments: 4th class, obl. base diḳu-. Cf. Khosr. diḳ.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *diɣ
Meaning: meat
Akusha: diʔ
Chiragh: dig
Comments: Cf. also Ur. diʔ, Kub. dig, Tsud. diɣ etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *jaƛ̣:
Meaning: meat
Lezghian: jak
Tabasaran: jik:
Agul: jak:
Rutul: jak
Kryz: jek
Budukh: jǝk
Archi: aƛ̣:
Udi: eq:
Comment: Obl. base *joƛ̣:ɨ- (cf. Rut. jigɨ-, with first vowel levelling Lezg. jaḳu, Tab. jik:u-). 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages. See Лексика 1971, 204; Гигинейшвили 1977, 109.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: lɨk:a
North Caucasian etymology: 69
Meaning: meat
Khinalug form: lɨk:a
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ĹA
Meaning: 1 meat 2 entrails, intestines
Abkhaz: a-ž́ǝ́ 1
Abaza: ž́ǝ 1
Adyghe: Lǝ 1
Kabardian: Lǝ 1
Ubykh: La 2
Comments: PAT *ž́ǝ (the Abkh. word is now rarely used and only in the meaning 'flesh, (animal's) carcass'); PAK *Lǝ. Ub. ʁ́a 'meat' (compared by Lafon 1966,24) can not be related for phonetic reasons.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ŕV̆́ƛ̣ɨ̆
Meaning: flesh; intestines
Comments and references : LV A25. Prosodically - quite irregular. ?Cf. Bur. -́dal `skin on fingernail (*'meat on fingernail'?); health'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rǝk
Meaning: intestine (?)
Comments: Outside Chinese attested perhaps in Miji rug 'belly', Sulung mǝ-rik 'meat' (if < *'intestine').
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 力
Modern (Beijing) reading: lì
Preclassic Old Chinese: rǝk
Classic Old Chinese: rǝk
Western Han Chinese: rǝk
Eastern Han Chinese: rǝk
Early Postclassic Chinese: lɨk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: lɨk
Late Postclassic Chinese: lɨk
Middle Chinese: lik
English meaning : sinew; strength, force, power
Russian meaning[s]: 1) сила; энергия; мощь; могущество; 2) способности, данные; возможности; ресурсы; 3) усилия; прилагать усилия, трудиться; усиленно, упорно; энергично, изо всех сил; 4) физическая работа; рабочая сила; чернорабочий; 5) Ли (фамилия)
Comments: In Viet. cf. also an earlier colloquial loan: sú'c 'strength, force'. For *r- cf. Min forms: Xiamen lat8, Chaozhou lak8, Fuzhou lik8, Jianou li8.
Radical: 19
Four-angle index: 4670
Karlgren code: 0928 a-b
Vietnamese reading: lụ'c
Jianchuan Bai: -ɣɨ2
Bijiang Bai: ɣɨ2
Shijing occurrences: 38.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 14
Character: 力
MC description : 曾開三入職來
ZIHUI: 0500 0621
Beijing: li 3
Jinan: li 3
Xi'an: li 11
Taiyuan: liǝʔ 41
Hankou: ni 12
Chengdu: ni 12
Yangzhou: liǝʔ 4
Suzhou: liôʔ 42
Wenzhou: lei 42
Changsha: ni 4
Shuangfeng: ni 31
Nanchang: lit 41
Meixian: lit 42
Guangzhou: lîk 42
Xiamen: lîk 42 (lit.); lat 42
Chaozhou: lak 42
Fuzhou: liʔ 42
Shanghai: lîʔ 42
Zhongyuan yinyun: li 43
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ŕēli ( ~ -r-)
Meaning: blood water
Ket: ĺɛĺ4, North. ĺɛ:ĺe4 (Werner 2, 9)
Comments: Werner 2, 9 <*leʔǝlǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-notes,
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