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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *χʷen A
Meaning: 1 mountain 2 heap
Tsezi: ħon 1
Ginukh: χwin 1
Khvarshi: hun 1
Inkhokvari: hun 1,2
Comments: PTsKh *χ̥1̇ʷen.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *fănV
Meaning: mountain, hill
Proto-West Caucasian: *xʷA Notes: In most EC languages the root means actually 'shady slope of a mountain' (i.e. part of the mountain heavily covered with trees). The root is also attested (with reduplication) in HU languages: Hurr. fāvanǝ, Ur. vāvānǝ 'mountain' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 19).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ħun
Meaning: forest
Chechen: ħun
Ingush: ħu
Batsbi: ħũ
Comments: Obl. base *ħune- (cf. Chech. ħüna-, Ing. ħuno). 4th class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *xan-dV (~-o-)
Meaning: 1 shady side, slope 2 hill 3 meadow 4 haying place
Avar: xon-ʎí 1
Chadakolob: xuná-q 1
Chamalal: hanna 4
Tindi: handa 2
Karata: handa 2
Godoberi: šandir 3
Comments: Cf. also Kar. Tok. handu 'hill'. Andian forms contain a dental suffix (original plural?).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: han
Meaning: shady slope of a mountain
Lak form: han
Comments: 4th class.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *x:Vna
Meaning: northern slope
Chiragh: x:ana
Comments: Cf. also Kub. xina waIh (waIh 'slope,side'). The PD vocalism is not clear.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *χ:ʷ[a]na
Meaning: 1 northern slope of a mountain 2 mountain slope
Tabasaran: χʷanḳ 1
Agul: χʷan 2
Rutul: χin 1
Archi: χ:ʷan 1
Comment: The -a Auslaut (and the obl. stem *χ:ʷanä-) can be established on basis of Ag. (obl. χʷana-) and Rut. (obl. χina-) data. The vowel -i- in Rut. is rather enigmatic (otherwise the correspondences are quite regular); -ḳ in Tab. is a former diminutive suffix (cf. Kand. χʷan without it, and related Ag. forms: Fit. χʷanḳ-ar, Bursh. χanḳʷ-ar). The word belongs to the 3d class in Rut., but to the 4th class in Arch. See Хайдаков 1973, 73.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *xʷA
Meaning: 1 mountain 2 hill
Abkhaz: a-χʷǝ́ 2
Abaza: χwa 1,2
Ubykh: ʎa-xá 1
Comments: PAT *xʷA (cf. also Bz. a-xʷǝ́). For the first part of the Ub. compound see *ʎ́A.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xŋwănV́
Meaning: height; mountain
Comments and references : WFR 55, DCE 20, BCD 31. [For Bur. cf. alternatively *Hăχ_VnV `log, beam'; in that case perhaps bun `mountain' should be compared?]
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋā̆m
Meaning: high, rocky
Tibetan: rŋams height.
Comments: Coblin 93.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 巖
Modern (Beijing) reading: yán
Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋrām
Classic Old Chinese: ŋrām
Western Han Chinese: ŋrām
Eastern Han Chinese: ŋrām
Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄m
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄m
Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄m
Middle Chinese: ŋạm
English meaning : rocky, lofty, precipitous; be high
Russian meaning[s]: 1) утес, скала; обрыв; скалистый; 2) отвесный, неприступный, опасный; 3) уединенный
Comments: Also read *ŋ(r)ǝm, MC ŋim id. For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen giam2, Chaozhou ŋan2, Fuzhou ŋie2, Jianou ŋaŋ2.
Radical: 46
Four-angle index: 6184
Karlgren code: 0607 l
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2552
Character: 巖
MC description : 咸開二平銜疑
ZIHUI: 1554 1896
Beijing: ian 12
Jinan: iã 12
Xi'an: iã 12
Taiyuan: iɛ 1
Hankou: ian 12
Chengdu: ŋai 12
Yangzhou: î̃ 12
Suzhou: ńî 12
Wenzhou: ŋa 12
Changsha: ŋai 12
Shuangfeng: ŋã 12
Nanchang: ńiɛn 31
Meixian: ŋam 12
Guangzhou: ŋām 12
Xiamen: gam 12 (lit.); giam 12
Chaozhou: ŋan 12
Fuzhou: ŋieŋ 12
Shanghai: ńî 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: am 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *hun
Meaning: wood
Yasin: hun
Hunza: hun
Nagar: hun
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *oi=han
Meaning: 1 forest, woods 2 desert 3 mountain
Bizkaian: (arc) ojan 2
Gipuzkoan: oian 1
High Navarrese: (arc) oian 3
Low Navarrese: oihan 1
Salazarese: oian 1
Lapurdian: oihan 1
Baztanese: oian 1
Zuberoan: óihan 1
Roncalese: oian 1, (Uztárroz) oxan 1
Comments: Bouda (1949) compared Bsq + Chechen ħun, etc.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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