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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ƛɨ
Meaning: year
Tsezi: ƛaIb
Ginukh: ƛebu
Khvarshi: ƛib
Inkhokvari: ƛib
Bezhta: ƛi
Gunzib: ƛɨ
Comments: PGB *ƛɨ. PTsKh *ƛi-b(u) contains an original plural suffix; it is worth noting that in PTsKh the word is homonymous with *ƛib(u) 'leaf' q.v., which probably influenced its vocalism (PTsKh *ɨ or *ǝ should be expected). The same root is present in PTs *ƛi-nV / *ʔɨ-ƛi-nV 'winter' (*ʔɨ- is a pronominal element, originally 'this winter' - the whole form is probably an original locative case, preserving the root resonant and meaning 'in winter', '(in) this winter'). Cf. Tsez. eƛnu, Gin. eƛni, Khvarsh. eƛnu, Inkh. ɨƛnu (PTsKh *ʔɨƛnV), Bezht. ƛine, Gunz. ƛini (PGB *ƛinV) 'winter'. With other suffixation there exists also Bezht. (Tlad., Khosh.) ƛi-l-mä 'in winter'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *Hƛ̣wĭnV̄
Meaning: winter; year
Notes: Correspondences are regular, and the etymology seems quite reliable. The original meaning is certainly 'winter'; the meaning 'summer' in PN comes from the intermediate stage 'year' (cf. the meanings in Tsezian languages). See Trubetzkoy 1922,241 (for EC). Abdokov (1983, 91) proposes a different comparison for EC: PWC *bž́V 'winter, autumn', which seems impossible for phonetic reasons.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʔaχḳV
Meaning: summer
Chechen: äχkē
Ingush: aχka
Batsbi: χḳo
Comments: Short vowel reconstructed because of reduction in Bacbi. Ing. aχka = Chech. äχka 'in summer' (Chech. äχkē is a suffixed form). The meaning "summer" is obviously secondary. The older meaning 'year' is still preserved in the PN compound *sṭā-χḳŭ 'last year' > Chech. stoχka, Ing. sɔχk, Bacb. sṭaŭχḳŭ (for the etymology of the first part see PEC *śwăjV).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ƛ̣:inV
Meaning: winter
Avar: ƛ̣:in (Uslar)
Chadakolob: ƛ̣in
Andian language: ƛ̣:inu
Comments: Av. paradigm A (ƛ̣:ín-dal; Chad. ƛ̣ín-dal, ƛ̣ína-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ḳʷi
Meaning: winter
Lak form: ḳi
Comments: Gen. ḳin-tni-l. Cf. Khosr. ḳʷi, ḳʷin-tni-l id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ɣa(ni)
Meaning: winter
Akusha: jani
Chiragh: ɣa
Comments: Cf. also Chir. ɣane 'in winter', Ur. ʕini, Gapsh. ženi, Kub. ga, gane 'winter'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: ḳina-ž
North Caucasian etymology: 369
Meaning: winter
Khinalug form: ḳina-ž
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ƛ̣́ʷǝ
Meaning: winter
Adyghe: č̣́ǝ-māf
Kabardian: ṣǝ-māxʷa
Comments: PAK *č̣́ǝ-máxʷa (a compound with *maxʷa 'day, time'). Since only AK forms are attested, the WC reconstruction is tentative and oriented by the external evidence (without it one could also reconstruct *č̣́, *č̣ʷ or *ƛ̣).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *Hƛ̣wĕnV̄́
Meaning: year, last year
Comments and references : DCE 25.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *téne
Meaning: 1 last year 2 year before last
Yasin: téne 2
Hunza: tén-dili 1
Nagar: tén-dili 1
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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